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106 学报 Journal of China Pharmaceutical University 2026, 57(1): 98 − 107 第 57 卷
亡分子 Bax 上调,黄芪桂枝五物治疗组可以显著逆 to clinical applications[J]. Pharmacol Res, 2024, 210: 107527.
转 Bcl-2 和 Bax 表达,表现为抑制凋亡作用。 [4] Cui J, Liu MM, Feng ZF, et al. Clinical observation on Huangqi
Guizhi Wuwu decoction in synopsis of the golden chamber in
与野生型 C57BL/6 小鼠相比,Nrf2 模型组小
-/-
the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with qi deficien-
鼠脑组织缺血损害加剧,出现更为明显的氧化应 cy and blood stasis syndrome[J]. Chin Med Mod Distance Educ
激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡信号,与文献报道一致 。 China (中国中医药现代远程教育), 2022, 20(14): 85-88.
[20]
[5] Sun XM, Chang X, Ma R, et al. Effects of Huangqi Guizhi
黄芪桂枝五物改善野生型 C57BL/6 小鼠缺血性脑
Wuwu decoction granules on neurological function and
损害并上调脑组织 Nrf2/ HO-1 的表达,但对 Nrf2 -/- hemisensory disorder in convalescent stroke patients[J]. Clin
模型组小鼠脑组织各项损害指标均未见明显改善 Res (临床研究), 2023, 31(11): 123-126.
作用,这表明 Nrf2 信号通路在黄芪桂枝五物改善脑 [6] Wang GJ, Bai R, Lei HJ. Effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu de-
coction in treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome[J].
缺血损伤中发挥重要作用。
Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med (辽宁中医杂志), 2023, 50(11):
黄芪桂枝五物汤的组方中,黄芩以清热解毒功 170-173.
效见长,含有大量黄芩苷元、黄芩苷等,有清除自由 [7] Hou JP, Li CC, Chen JQ. Evaluation and analysis of the effect
基、降血脂、抗氧化等药理作用,对缺血所致神经元 of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction in the treatment of cerebral
infarction[J]. Inn Mong J Tradit Chin Med (内蒙古中医药),
细胞损害具有保护作用 。桂枝挥发油对慢性、急
[21]
2023, 42(4): 71-72,143.
性炎症疾病均有明显抑制作用 。桂皮醛及衍生物 [8] Zhang ZH. Clinical application of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu de-
[22]
还具有较好的抗神经炎症和神经保护作用 。白芍 coction[J]. Inn Mong J Tradit Chin Med (内蒙古中医药), 2022,
[23]
总苷可促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元再生,缓解大 41(9): 58-61.
[9] Yu AM, Yan XL, Wang SX, et al. HPLC fingerprint establish-
鼠神经功能损伤 [24−25] 。生姜不同组分(水提物、挥 ment of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction and determination of
发油、总酚等)均可抑制脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元 3 constituents[J]. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med (中华中医药学
凋亡,发挥保护脑损伤的作用 [26−27] 。黄芪桂枝五物 刊), 2019, 37(9): 2196-2200.
[10] Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S, et al. Reversible middle
汤含有黄芪甲苷、肉桂醛和芍药苷等多种活性成
cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats[J]. Stroke,
分,已有较多的文献报道了这些活性成分对于 Nrf2/ 1989, 20(1): 84-91.
HO-1 及凋亡信号途径具有调节作用 [28−31] 。本实验 [11] Zhang L, Yu JZ, Peng M, et al. Analysis of Huangqi Guizhi
中,黄芪桂枝五物汤可明显增加氧糖剥夺造模后原 Wuwu decoction in treatment of sequelae of apoplexy based on
four-in-one theory[J]. J Shandong Univ Tradit Chin Med (山东
代培养神经元细胞存活率,显著上调 Nrf2、HO-1 和
中医药大学学报), 2022, 46(6): 709-713.
Bcl-2 表达,并下调 Bax 表达。由此提示,黄芪桂枝 [12] Tang YD, Peng Y, He SQ, et al. Ancient literature analysis of
五物汤可能通过调节 Nrf2/HO-1 信号通路减轻氧 Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction[J]. J Hunan Univ Chin Med
糖剥夺引起的神经元细胞氧化应激和凋亡,进而改 (湖南中医药大学学报), 2022, 42(12): 2105-2110.
[13] Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Georgiev GP, et al.
善细胞存活率。
Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling: towards specific regulation[J]. Life
综上,黄芪桂枝五物对缺血引起的脑组织损伤 Sci, 2022, 291: 120111.
具有明显的改善作用,可减轻神经元氧化应激及炎 [14] Kurzhagen JT, Noel S, Lee K, et al. T cell Nrf2/Keap1 gene
症水平,并抑制细胞凋亡,其改善作用机制部分依 editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and experimental kidney ischemia-
reperfusion injury[J]. Antioxid Redox Signal, 2023,
赖于 Nrf2/HO-1 通路的调节作用,其全面的作用机
38(13/14/15): 959-973.
制和药效物质基础还有待进一步研究。 [15] Vrba J, Gažák R, Kuzma M, et al. A novel semisynthetic
flavonoid 7-O-galloyltaxifolin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 in
RAW 264.7 cells via MAPK/Nrf2 pathway[J]. J Med Chem, 2013,
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