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106                      学报   Journal of China Pharmaceutical University 2026, 57(1): 98 − 107  第 57 卷

               亡分子    Bax 上调,黄芪桂枝五物治疗组可以显著逆                          to clinical applications[J]. Pharmacol Res, 2024, 210: 107527.
               转  Bcl-2 和  Bax 表达,表现为抑制凋亡作用。                    [4]   Cui J, Liu MM, Feng ZF, et al. Clinical observation on Huangqi
                                                                     Guizhi Wuwu decoction in synopsis of the golden chamber in
                    与野生型     C57BL/6 小鼠相比,Nrf2 模型组小
                                                   -/-
                                                                     the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with qi deficien-
               鼠脑组织缺血损害加剧,出现更为明显的氧化应                                 cy and blood stasis syndrome[J]. Chin Med Mod Distance Educ
               激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡信号,与文献报道一致 。                               China (中国中医药现代远程教育), 2022, 20(14): 85-88.
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               黄芪桂枝五物改善野生型             C57BL/6 小鼠缺血性脑
                                                                     Wuwu  decoction  granules  on  neurological  function  and
               损害并上调脑组织          Nrf2/ HO-1 的表达,但对     Nrf2 -/-      hemisensory  disorder  in  convalescent  stroke  patients[J].  Clin
               模型组小鼠脑组织各项损害指标均未见明显改善                                 Res (临床研究), 2023, 31(11): 123-126.
               作用,这表明      Nrf2 信号通路在黄芪桂枝五物改善脑                  [6]   Wang GJ, Bai R, Lei HJ. Effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu de-
                                                                     coction in treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome[J].
               缺血损伤中发挥重要作用。
                                                                     Liaoning  J  Tradit  Chin  Med  (辽宁中医杂志),  2023,  50(11):
                    黄芪桂枝五物汤的组方中,黄芩以清热解毒功                             170-173.
               效见长,含有大量黄芩苷元、黄芩苷等,有清除自由                          [7]   Hou JP, Li CC, Chen JQ. Evaluation and analysis of the effect
               基、降血脂、抗氧化等药理作用,对缺血所致神经元                               of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction in the treatment of cerebral
                                                                     infarction[J].  Inn  Mong  J  Tradit  Chin  Med  (内蒙古中医药),
               细胞损害具有保护作用 。桂枝挥发油对慢性、急
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               性炎症疾病均有明显抑制作用 。桂皮醛及衍生物                           [8]   Zhang  ZH.  Clinical  application  of  Huangqi  Guizhi  Wuwu  de-
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               还具有较好的抗神经炎症和神经保护作用 。白芍                                coction[J]. Inn Mong J Tradit Chin Med (内蒙古中医药), 2022,
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               总苷可促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元再生,缓解大                                41(9): 58-61.
                                                                [9]   Yu AM, Yan XL, Wang SX, et al. HPLC fingerprint establish-
               鼠神经功能损伤        [24−25] 。生姜不同组分(水提物、挥                  ment of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction and determination of
               发油、总酚等)均可抑制脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元                                3  constituents[J].  Chin  Arch  Tradit  Chin  Med  (中华中医药学
               凋亡,发挥保护脑损伤的作用              [26−27] 。黄芪桂枝五物            刊), 2019, 37(9): 2196-2200.
                                                                [10]   Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S, et al. Reversible middle
               汤含有黄芪甲苷、肉桂醛和芍药苷等多种活性成
                                                                     cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats[J]. Stroke,
               分,已有较多的文献报道了这些活性成分对于                     Nrf2/        1989, 20(1): 84-91.
               HO-1 及凋亡信号途径具有调节作用               [28−31] 。本实验    [11]   Zhang  L,  Yu  JZ,  Peng  M,  et  al.  Analysis  of  Huangqi  Guizhi
               中,黄芪桂枝五物汤可明显增加氧糖剥夺造模后原                                Wuwu decoction in treatment of sequelae of apoplexy based on
                                                                     four-in-one theory[J]. J Shandong Univ Tradit Chin Med (山东
               代培养神经元细胞存活率,显著上调                 Nrf2、HO-1 和
                                                                     中医药大学学报), 2022, 46(6): 709-713.
               Bcl-2 表达,并下调     Bax 表达。由此提示,黄芪桂枝                [12]   Tang YD, Peng Y, He SQ, et al. Ancient literature analysis of
               五物汤可能通过调节           Nrf2/HO-1 信号通路减轻氧                 Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction[J]. J Hunan Univ Chin Med
               糖剥夺引起的神经元细胞氧化应激和凋亡,进而改                                (湖南中医药大学学报), 2022, 42(12): 2105-2110.
                                                                [13]   Ulasov  AV,  Rosenkranz  AA,  Georgiev  GP,  et  al.
               善细胞存活率。
                                                                     Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling: towards specific regulation[J]. Life
                    综上,黄芪桂枝五物对缺血引起的脑组织损伤                             Sci, 2022, 291: 120111.
               具有明显的改善作用,可减轻神经元氧化应激及炎                           [14]   Kurzhagen  JT,  Noel  S,  Lee  K,  et  al.  T  cell  Nrf2/Keap1  gene
               症水平,并抑制细胞凋亡,其改善作用机制部分依                                editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and experimental kidney ischemia-
                                                                     reperfusion   injury[J].   Antioxid   Redox   Signal,   2023,
               赖于   Nrf2/HO-1 通路的调节作用,其全面的作用机
                                                                     38(13/14/15): 959-973.
               制和药效物质基础还有待进一步研究。                                [15]   Vrba  J,  Gažák  R,  Kuzma  M,  et  al.  A  novel  semisynthetic
                                                                     flavonoid 7-O-galloyltaxifolin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 in
                                                                     RAW 264.7  cells via MAPK/Nrf2 pathway[J]. J Med Chem, 2013,
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