Page 105 - 《中国药科大学学报》2026年第1期
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第  57 卷第  1 期        钱程昱,等:黄芪桂枝五物汤通过          Nrf2/HO-1 通路改善脑缺血损伤的机制研究                      99

               lymphoma-2  (Bcl-2),  and  Bcl-2-associated  X  protein  (Bax)  in  brain  tissue  were  assessed.  In  addition,  Nrf2
               knockout mice were used to verify the role of Nrf2 in the protective effects of HGWD against MCAO-induced
               injury. Additionally, an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in primary neuronal cells was
               employed to further confirm the pharmacological effects of HGWD in vitro. The results showed that HGWD
               significantly  ameliorated  cerebral  ischemic  injury  in  MCAO  mice,  alleviated  oxidative  stress,  suppressed  the
               release  of  inflammatory  factors,  and  markedly  upregulated  the  expression  of  Nrf2,  HO-1,  and  Bcl-2  while
               downregulating Bax expression, with consistent trends being observed at both mRNA and protein levels. The
               protective effects of HGWD were significantly attenuated in Nrf2 knockout mice, indicating the pivotal role of
               Nrf2 in HGWD-mediated protection against cerebral ischemic injury. In vitro experiments revealed that HGWD
               significantly  increased  neuronal  cell  viability,  reduced  lactate  dehydrogenase(LDH)  leakage,  and  decreased
               apoptosis in OGD/R-treated cells, accompanied by upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 and downregulation of
               Bax. In conclusion, HGWD protects against cerebral ischemic injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to
               enhance  antioxidant  capacity  and  modulating  the  Bcl-2/Bax  signaling  pathway  to  inhibit  apoptosis,  thereby
               protecting brain cells from ischemic damage.
               Key words    Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction; cerebral ischemia; Nrf2/HO-1 pathway; oxidative
                           stress; neuroprotection

               This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (XZR2020092)


                    脑缺血是脑卒中的主要类型之一。脑血管阻                         reperfusion,OGD/R)模型评价其脑保护作用,并探
               塞或狭窄导致氧气和营养物质无法正常输送至脑                            讨核因子     E2 相关因子     2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-
               组织,从而诱发一系列病理变化和神经元损害,严                           related factor 2,Nrf2)信号通路相关机制,为该方临
               重者引起死亡 。目前,脑缺血的治疗策略主要集                           床治疗脑缺血提供实验证据。
                            [1]
               中于恢复脑部血流和防止脑组织的二次损伤,常见
                                                                 1    材 料
               的临床治疗策略包括溶栓治疗、抗血小板聚集治疗
               和神经保护治疗等。然而,这些疗法仍面临诸多挑                            1.1    药品与试剂
               战,如治疗时间窗限制、不良反应显著以及疗效的                                HGWD   水煎液(黄芪      9 g、桂枝   9 g、白芍(麸
               不确定性    [2−3] 。                                  炒)9 g、生姜    18 g、红枣   20 g,煎煮成   200 mL,按生
                    黄 芪 桂 枝 五 物 汤 ( Huangqi  Guizhi  Wuwu       药计浓度为       325 mg/mL),批号∶20211115,由常州
               decoction,HGWD)首见于东汉医学家张仲景所著                     市武进中医医院提供。经高效液相色谱法检测,
               《金匮要略》 ,广泛应用于气血虚弱、营卫失调之                          HGWD   水煎液中毛蕊异黄酮苷、桂皮醛、芍药苷
                          [4]
               感冒、头疼、鼻炎等外感病,脏腑气血阴阳失调而引                          3 种特征性成分的质量分数为∶0.021‰、0.252‰和
               起的内伤病等。明清时期其主治增加了预防脑卒                            8.032‰,符合质量要求 。丁苯酞(N-butylphthalide,
                                                                                    [9]
               中、风痹、脑卒中后半身不遂、中暑等病种,《方剂                          NBP)软胶囊(石药集团恩必普药业有限公司);毛蕊
               学》亦推荐     HGWD   可用于脑卒中病症。近年来,在                  异黄酮苷、芍药苷、桂皮醛对照品(纯度 ≥ 98%,
               传统医学理论的指导下,该方在脑梗死、脑卒中防                           南京泽朗生物科技有限公司);舒泰                    50 注射液
               治方面的应用报道日益增多,能改善脑卒中后产生                           (法国维克有限公司);2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑
                          [5]
               的感觉障碍 ,减轻脑卒中后肩-手综合征疼痛 ,改                         [triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC,生工生物工程
                                                        [6]
                                                          [7]
               善神经功能缺损情况,恢复脑部组织正常供血等 。                          (上海)股份有限公司           ];丙二醛(malondialdehyde,
               现代药理研究显示,HGWD            具有抗炎、抗氧化、改              MDA) 、 超 氧 化 物 歧 化 酶 ( superoxide  dismutase,
               善能量代谢等作用 。本研究基于                 HGWD   改善脑       SOD)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、BCA       蛋白浓度
                                [8]
               缺血的潜在作用,通过小鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(middle                       测定、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)等
               cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,原代神经           生化试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所);肿瘤坏死
               元 氧 糖 剥 夺 /再 灌 注 ( oxygen-glucose  deprivation/  因子   α(tumor necrosis factor-a,TNF-α)、白细胞介
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