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600                      学报   Journal of China Pharmaceutical University 2025, 56(5): 592 − 600  第 56 卷

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               化应激和炎症缓解肾纤维化 ,通过调节                   Usp18 干          16(2): 84-96.
                                                                [4]   Wynn TA. Integrating mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis[J]. J
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               预心肌肥大和纤维化 ,也为解释豆蔻明跨器官的
                                                                     Exp Med, 2011, 208(7): 1339-1350.
               抗纤维化作用提供统一的作用范式。                                 [5]   Schafer MJ, White TA, Iijima K, et al. Cellular senescence me-
                    mTOR  是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,能调节各种                         diates  fibrotic  pulmonary  disease[J].  Nat  Commun,  2017,  8:
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               基本细胞过程,包括蛋白质合成、生长、代谢、衰老、
                                                                [6]   Daimary UD, Parama D, Rana V, et al. Emerging roles of car-
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               再生、自噬等 。mTOR           是  mTORC1 和   mTORC2           damonin,  a  multitargeted  nutraceutical  in  the  prevention  and
               两 种 功 能 不 同 的 多 亚 基 蛋 白 复 合 物 的 核 心 成                 treatment of chronic diseases[J]. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Dis-
                                                                     cov, 2020, 2: 100008.
               分  [16−17] 。mTORC1 作为豆蔻明作用的关键靶点,其
                                                                [7]   Kasper M, Barth K. Bleomycin and its role in inducing apopto-
               调控机制存在疾病特异性。在心脏纤维化中,豆蔻                                sis and senescence in lung cells-modulating effects of caveolin-
               明通过破坏      mTOR-Raptor 结合,抑制     mTORC1 复合            1[J]. Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 2009, 9(3): 341-353.
                                                                [8]   Qi  ZY,  Yang  WQ,  Xue  BB,  et  al.  ROS-mediated  lysosomal
               体形成发挥心脏保护作用 。而在                 IPF  相关成纤维
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                                                                     membrane  permeabilization  and  autophagy  inhibition  regulate
               细胞衰老模型中,发现豆蔻明主要通过抑制                     mTOR          bleomycin-induced  cellular  senescence[J].  Autophagy,  2024,
               的活化,降低细胞         ROS  水平实现的缓解细胞衰老                     20(9): 2000-2016.
                                                                [9]   Duan JM, Duan JP, Zhang ZY, et al. Irreversible cellular senes-
               的作用。这提示豆蔻明调控              mTOR   通路的具体方
                                                                     cence induced by prolonged exposure to H 2 O 2  involves DNA-
               式可能具有组织特异性,但其靶向                mTOR  这一核心             damage-and-repair  genes  and  telomere  shortening[J].  Int  J
               节点的保守性使其具备广谱抗纤维化的能力。                                  Biochem Cell Biol, 2005, 37(7): 1407-1420.
                                                                [10]   Fu WC, Wu G. Targeting mTOR for anti-aging and anti-cancer
                    然而,本研究仍存在一定局限性,豆蔻明对
                                                                     therapy[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(7): 3157.
               mTOR  通路的具体作用靶点,作用方式仍未完全解                        [11]   Zhang J, Dang LS. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of carda-
               析。此外,虽然前期研究说明豆蔻明能缓解小鼠的                                monin  on  pulmonary  fibrosis[J].  Chin  Mod  Doc  (中国现代医
                                                                     生), 2024, 62(11): 82-88.
               肺纤维化表型,但其对肺组织中成纤维细胞的衰老
                                                                [12]   Ye ZM, Niu ZY, Li J, et al. Cardamonin inhibits silicosis devel-
               水平的影响及其与纤维化进程的关系并未明确。                                 opment through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway[J]. Ecotoxi-
               针对上述问题,未来研究可通过蛋白质组学结合分                                col Environ Saf, 2024, 285: 117067.
                                                                [13]   Zhang BH, Chen ZY, Jiang ZY, et al. Nephroprotective effects
               子对接技术筛选豆蔻明的直接作用靶点,并在肺纤
                                                                     of  cardamonin  on  renal  ischemia  reperfusion  injury/UUO-in-
               维化动物模型中检测成纤维细胞的衰老,以及胶原                                duced  renal  fibrosis[J].  J  Agric  Food  Chem,  2023,  71(36):
               沉积程度,明确豆蔻明通过“抗衰老-抗纤维化”轴                               13284-13303.
                                                                [14]   Feng ZY, Pan LF, Qiao C, et al. Cardamonin intervenes in my-
               发挥治疗作用的潜力。总之,本研究不仅探究了豆
                                                                     ocardial hypertrophy progression by regulating Usp18[J]. Phy-
               蔻明通过     mTOR-ROS   轴缓解细胞衰老,也为靶向                      tomedicine, 2024, 134: 155970.
               该通路开发缓解         IPF  的协同治疗策略提供了新的                [15]   Murugan AK. mTOR: Role in cancer, metastasis and drug resis-
                                                                     tance[J]. Semin Cancer Biol, 2019, 59: 92-111.
               实验依据。
                                                                [16]   Loewith  R,  Jacinto  E,  Wullschleger  S,  et  al.  Two TOR   com-
                                                                     plexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct
                                                                     roles in cell growth control[J]. Mol Cell, 2002, 10(3): 457-468.
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