Page 34 - 《中国药科大学学报》2025年第5期

学报
566 Journal of China Pharmaceutical University 2025, 56(5): 566 − 571

·论 文·

黄芪显微组织化学定位研究与应用

黄 雍 ，史胜朝 ，张 剑 ，张朝凤 2**
3
1,3*
1,2
（ 中国药科大学中药学院, 江苏省中药评价与转化创新重点实验室, 南京 211198； 中国药科大学中药学院,中日天然药物
2
1
3
健康品研究联合实验室, 南京 211198； 中国药科大学中药学院,固阳黄芪大健康产品联合实验室, 南京 211198）
摘 要 通过优化黄芪显微组织化学定位方法，比较根不同部位的化学成分含量差异，为有效成分的提取和富集提供参考。
采用水合氯醛透化技术，结合亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠试剂对黄酮染色方法进行改进；采用紫外-可见分光光度法（UV-
Vis）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对黄芪根木质部、韧皮部，以及周皮各组织部位的总皂苷、总黄酮及黄芪甲苷含量进行了
比较分析。显色方法优化后有效消除了黄芪固有颜色的干扰，使组织分布更加清晰；在黄芪根部各组织中，韧皮部总皂苷含
量可达 6.92%；周皮中总黄酮含量达 0.876%；而黄芪甲苷类皂苷特异性富集于周皮，含量高达 0.850%。显微组织化学定位方
法可对黄芪根不同组织部位化学成分分布进行高效表征，可为黄芪有效成分的定性提取和富集提供指导，为黄芪的综合利用
和开发提供支撑。
关键词 黄芪；显微组织化学定位；皂苷；黄酮；黄芪甲苷
中图分类号 R93 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1000−5048(2025)05−0566−06
doi：10.11665/j.issn.1000−5048.2025032001

引用本文 黄雍，史胜朝，张剑，等. 黄芪显微组织化学定位研究与应用 [J]. 中国药科大学学报，2025，56（5）：566 − 571.

Cite this article as: HUANG Yong, SHI Shengchao, ZHANG Jian, et al. Research on microscopic histochemical localization of Astragalus
membranaceus and its application[J]. J China Pharm Univ, 2025, 56(5): 566 − 571.

Research on microscopic histochemical localization of Astragalus
membranaceus and its application
1,2
1,3*
3
HUANG Yong , SHI Shengchao , ZHANG Jian , ZHANG Chaofeng 2**
1
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional
2
Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198; Sino-Japan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products
3
Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198; Guyang Joint Laboratory
of Astragalus Health Products, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Abstract This study compared the chemical composition differences among various root tissues of Astragalus
membranaceus through optimization of histochemical localization methods, thereby providing some reference for
targeted extraction and enrichment of bioactive components. The chloral hydrate permeabilization technique was
enhanced with sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate-sodium hydroxide reagent for flavonoid staining. Comparative
analyses of total saponins, total flavonoids, and astragaloside IV content in xylem, phloem, and periderm tissues
were performed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). By optimizing staining protocols, interference from natural pigmentation was successfully eliminated,
thereby enhancing the visualization of tissue-specific chemical distribution. Quantitative analysis revealed that the
phloem contained the highest total saponins (6.92%), while the periderm exhibited peak total flavonoids (0.876%)

*
收稿日期 2025-03-20 通信作者 Tel：15691583757 E-mail：1020071849@cpu.edu.cn
**
Tel：13584069168 E-mail：njchaofeng@126.com
基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目（No. 82374027）