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第  56 卷第  5 期           刘欣娜,等:基于多组学分析的多囊卵巢综合征生物标志物及其机制                                     643

               升高,呈现了“前体耗竭和雄激素产物累积”的通路                               obesity[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2020, 502: 214-221.
               激活典型状态,反映了           PCOS  高雄激素表型的代谢             [2]   Chen JY, Zhou QE, Zhang YG, et al. Discovery of novel serum
                                                                     metabolic biomarkers  in  patients  with  polycystic  ovarian   syn-
               基础  [24−26] 。对于类固醇激素代谢旁路的进一步分析                        drome  and  premature  ovarian  failure[J].  Bioengineered,  2021,
               也显示,血清孕酮轻度升高可能与                HSD3B2 转录水             12(1): 8778-8792.
               平升高有关,促进前体向孕酮的代谢转化;而                 CYP17A1     [3]   Murri M, Insenser M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Metabolomics in
                                                                     polycystic ovary syndrome[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2014, 429: 181-
               与  CYP19A1 分别参与雄激素的合成与转化,两者                           188.
               的表达失衡,可能进一步加剧“雄激素过剩-雌激素                          [4]   Cora MC, Kooistra L, Travlos G. Vaginal cytology of the labo-
               不足”的病理状态,与组织水平上观察到的卵泡发                                ratory rat and mouse: review and criteria for the staging of the
                                                                     estrous  cycle  using  stained  vaginal  smears[J].  Toxicol  Pathol,
               育障碍及黄体功能不全形成紧密关联 。
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                    在能量代谢重编程方面,BCAA            代谢酶    BCAT2     [5]   Fonseca TAH, Von Rekowski CP, Araújo R, et al. The impact
               的表达上调,理论上应有助于亮氨酸的分解,然而                                of the serum extraction protocol on metabolomic profiling us-
                                                                     ing  UPLC-MS/MS  and  FTIR  spectroscopy[J].  ACS  Omega,
               本研究中却观察到血清亮氨酸水平的下降,这可能
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               归因于胰岛素抵抗状态下骨骼肌组织代偿性的增                            [6]   Gika H, Theodoridis G. Sample preparation prior to the LC-MS-
               强对   BCAA  的摄取与氧化分解,以此作为替代葡萄                          based   metabolomics/metabonomics   of   blood-derived
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               糖的重要能量来源 。同时,血清柠檬酸下降与卵
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               巢组织中     TCA  限速酶   OGDH   的上调似乎构成表面                  spectrometry data for metabolite profiling using nonlinear peak
               上的矛盾结果,提示线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)功能                              alignment,  matching,  and  identification[J].  Anal  Chem,  2006,
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               的抑制,导致丙酮酸作为主要碳源的输入减少,而
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               OGDH   的上调则是维持        TCA  循环通量的一种代偿                  nects  somatic  mutations  to  signalling  in  breast  cancer[J].  Na-
               性适应 。                                                 ture, 2016, 534(7605): 55-62.
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                    类似的是,脂质代谢紊乱也是             PCOS  代谢异常        [9]   Hughes  CS,  Moggridge  S,  Müller  T,  et  al.  Single-pot,  solid-
                                                                     phase-enhanced   sample   preparation   for   proteomics
               的核心特征。FADS2 和         CD36 上调,伴随血清亚油                  experiments[J]. Nat Protoc, 2019, 14(1): 68-85.
               酸水平的上升,共同提示着多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)                        [10]   Batth TS, Tollenaere MX, Rüther P, et al. Protein aggregation
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               FADS2 驱动下,加速向花生四烯酸转化,有利于前                             1035.
               列 腺 素   PGE2 合 成 , 加 剧 卵 巢 局 部 炎 症 微 环           [11]   Huang  JC,  Wu  Z,  Zhang  XM.  Short-term  mild  temperature-
               境  [31−33] 。CD36 的高表达则显著增强了细胞对游离                      stress-induced alterations in the C. elegans phosphoproteome[J].
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               脂肪酸(FFA)的摄取能力,加剧脂毒性与外周胰岛                         [12]   Xu JB, Dun JJ, Yang J, et al. Letrozole rat model mimics hu-
               素抵抗的恶性循环 。                                            man polycystic ovarian syndrome and changes in insulin signal
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                    综上,本研究基于血清代谢组学筛选,并结合                             pathways[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2020, 26: e923073.
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               卵巢组织蛋白质组学与转录组学验证,系统构建了
                                                                     heterogeneity  in  polycystic  ovary  syndrome  is  determined  by
               以“类固醇合成异常激活-能量与脂质代谢深度重                                obesity:  plasma  metabolomic  approach  using  GC-MS[J].  Clin
               编程”为核心特征的          PCOS  代谢异常调控网络。从                   Chem, 2012, 58(6): 999-1009.
                                                                [14]   Fan XM, Jiang JF, Huang ZQ, et al. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS based
               中筛选出的       6 种血清标志物(胆固醇、孕烯醇酮、
                                                                     plasma metabolomics and clinical characteristics of polycystic
               ADTG、亮氨酸、柠檬酸、亚油酸)涵盖多个关键代                              ovarian syndrome[J]. Mol Med Rep, 2019, 19(1): 280-292.
               谢通路,具备良好的检测稳定性与临床转化价值,                           [15]   Sun LY, Hu WH, Liu Q, et al. Metabonomics reveals plasma
                                                                     metabolic changes and inflammatory marker in polycystic ovary
               有望为    PCOS  的诊断与机制研究提供理论依据和
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               实践参考。                                            [16]   Zhao Y, Fu L, Li R, et al. Metabolic profiles characterizing dif-
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