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第 56 卷第 5 期 刘欣娜,等:基于多组学分析的多囊卵巢综合征生物标志物及其机制 643
升高,呈现了“前体耗竭和雄激素产物累积”的通路 obesity[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2020, 502: 214-221.
激活典型状态,反映了 PCOS 高雄激素表型的代谢 [2] Chen JY, Zhou QE, Zhang YG, et al. Discovery of novel serum
metabolic biomarkers in patients with polycystic ovarian syn-
基础 [24−26] 。对于类固醇激素代谢旁路的进一步分析 drome and premature ovarian failure[J]. Bioengineered, 2021,
也显示,血清孕酮轻度升高可能与 HSD3B2 转录水 12(1): 8778-8792.
平升高有关,促进前体向孕酮的代谢转化;而 CYP17A1 [3] Murri M, Insenser M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Metabolomics in
polycystic ovary syndrome[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2014, 429: 181-
与 CYP19A1 分别参与雄激素的合成与转化,两者 188.
的表达失衡,可能进一步加剧“雄激素过剩-雌激素 [4] Cora MC, Kooistra L, Travlos G. Vaginal cytology of the labo-
不足”的病理状态,与组织水平上观察到的卵泡发 ratory rat and mouse: review and criteria for the staging of the
estrous cycle using stained vaginal smears[J]. Toxicol Pathol,
育障碍及黄体功能不全形成紧密关联 。
[27]
2015, 43(6): 776-793.
在能量代谢重编程方面,BCAA 代谢酶 BCAT2 [5] Fonseca TAH, Von Rekowski CP, Araújo R, et al. The impact
的表达上调,理论上应有助于亮氨酸的分解,然而 of the serum extraction protocol on metabolomic profiling us-
ing UPLC-MS/MS and FTIR spectroscopy[J]. ACS Omega,
本研究中却观察到血清亮氨酸水平的下降,这可能
2023, 8(23): 20755-20766.
归因于胰岛素抵抗状态下骨骼肌组织代偿性的增 [6] Gika H, Theodoridis G. Sample preparation prior to the LC-MS-
强对 BCAA 的摄取与氧化分解,以此作为替代葡萄 based metabolomics/metabonomics of blood-derived
samples[J]. Bioanalysis, 2011, 3(14): 1647-1661.
糖的重要能量来源 。同时,血清柠檬酸下降与卵
[28]
[7] Smith CA, Want EJ, O’Maille G, et al. XCMS: processing mass
巢组织中 TCA 限速酶 OGDH 的上调似乎构成表面 spectrometry data for metabolite profiling using nonlinear peak
上的矛盾结果,提示线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)功能 alignment, matching, and identification[J]. Anal Chem, 2006,
78(3): 779-787.
的抑制,导致丙酮酸作为主要碳源的输入减少,而
[8] Mertins P, Mani DR, Ruggles KV, et al. Proteogenomics con-
OGDH 的上调则是维持 TCA 循环通量的一种代偿 nects somatic mutations to signalling in breast cancer[J]. Na-
性适应 。 ture, 2016, 534(7605): 55-62.
[29]
类似的是,脂质代谢紊乱也是 PCOS 代谢异常 [9] Hughes CS, Moggridge S, Müller T, et al. Single-pot, solid-
phase-enhanced sample preparation for proteomics
的核心特征。FADS2 和 CD36 上调,伴随血清亚油 experiments[J]. Nat Protoc, 2019, 14(1): 68-85.
酸水平的上升,共同提示着多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA) [10] Batth TS, Tollenaere MX, Rüther P, et al. Protein aggregation
代谢活性的整体增强 。亚油酸水平累积后会在 capture on microparticles enables multipurpose proteomics sam-
[30]
ple preparation[J]. Mol Cell Proteomics, 2019, 18(5): 1027-
FADS2 驱动下,加速向花生四烯酸转化,有利于前 1035.
列 腺 素 PGE2 合 成 , 加 剧 卵 巢 局 部 炎 症 微 环 [11] Huang JC, Wu Z, Zhang XM. Short-term mild temperature-
境 [31−33] 。CD36 的高表达则显著增强了细胞对游离 stress-induced alterations in the C. elegans phosphoproteome[J].
Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(17): 6409.
脂肪酸(FFA)的摄取能力,加剧脂毒性与外周胰岛 [12] Xu JB, Dun JJ, Yang J, et al. Letrozole rat model mimics hu-
素抵抗的恶性循环 。 man polycystic ovarian syndrome and changes in insulin signal
[34]
综上,本研究基于血清代谢组学筛选,并结合 pathways[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2020, 26: e923073.
[13] Escobar-Morreale HF, Samino S, Insenser M, et al. Metabolic
卵巢组织蛋白质组学与转录组学验证,系统构建了
heterogeneity in polycystic ovary syndrome is determined by
以“类固醇合成异常激活-能量与脂质代谢深度重 obesity: plasma metabolomic approach using GC-MS[J]. Clin
编程”为核心特征的 PCOS 代谢异常调控网络。从 Chem, 2012, 58(6): 999-1009.
[14] Fan XM, Jiang JF, Huang ZQ, et al. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS based
中筛选出的 6 种血清标志物(胆固醇、孕烯醇酮、
plasma metabolomics and clinical characteristics of polycystic
ADTG、亮氨酸、柠檬酸、亚油酸)涵盖多个关键代 ovarian syndrome[J]. Mol Med Rep, 2019, 19(1): 280-292.
谢通路,具备良好的检测稳定性与临床转化价值, [15] Sun LY, Hu WH, Liu Q, et al. Metabonomics reveals plasma
metabolic changes and inflammatory marker in polycystic ovary
有望为 PCOS 的诊断与机制研究提供理论依据和
syndrome patients[J]. J Proteome Res, 2012, 11(5): 2937-2946.
实践参考。 [16] Zhao Y, Fu L, Li R, et al. Metabolic profiles characterizing dif-
ferent phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: plasma
metabolomics analysis[J]. BMC Med, 2012, 10: 153.
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