Page 141 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第5期
P. 141
第 39 卷第 5 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 5
2026 年 5 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering May 2026
磁 浮 列 车 悬 浮 稳 定 域 的 自 适 应 采 样 估 计
与 参 数 影 响 机 制
徐 岩 , 孙友刚 , 徐俊起 , 赵小宁 , 高定刚 1,2
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(1. 同济大学交通学院,上海 201804; 2. 同济大学磁浮交通工程技术研究中心,上海 201804)
摘要:针对磁浮车-轨耦合振动系统的悬浮稳定域与系统参数之间的关系难以直观表征的难点,提出一种基于稳定边界约束的
分层自适应采样估计(hierarchical adaptive sampling estimation,HASE)方法。在考虑轨道柔性的情况下,建立了基于状态反馈
控制的磁浮车辆-轨道耦合系统(车-轨耦合振动系统)闭环控制模型,并基于 Routh-Hurwitz 判据得到磁悬浮系统的稳定边界约
束方程。通过 HASE 自动分配采样点分布实现系统在参数空间和控制系数空间中的稳定域准确估计。基于 LQR 方法得到初
始反馈系数矩阵,并设定可调节反馈系数空间范围。基于 HASE 得到系统稳定域的空间体积估计和直观表征,分析了系统参
数和反馈系数对车-轨耦合振动系统稳定域的影响,为实际工程中反馈系数调节提供参考。与均匀采样估计得到的稳定域体
积估计相比,本方法需要的计算资源更少,计算速度更快,验证了其高效性和优越性。
关键词: 磁浮列车;车-轨耦合振动系统;稳定域分析;分层自适应采样;状态反馈控制
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中图分类号:U237;U292.91 7 文献标志码:A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202508069
Maglev train levitation stability region: adaptive sampling estimation
and parameter influence mechanisms
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XU Yan ,SUN Yougang ,XU Junqi ,ZHAO Xiaoning ,GAO Dinggang 1,2
(1.College of Transportation,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;
2.National Maglev Transportation Engineering R & D Center,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)
Abstract: Addressing the challenge of characterizing the relationship between the levitation stability region of maglev trains and system
parameters,this study proposes a hierarchical adaptive sampling estimation (HASE) method based on stability boundary constraints. A closed-
loop control model for the vehicle-guideway coupled system was established,incorporating guideway flexibility and state feedback control.
The Routh-Hurwitz criterion was applied to derive the stability boundary constraint equations for the maglev system. HASE automatically
allocates sampling points to achieve accurate estimation of the stability region within both parameter space and control coefficient space. The
initial feedback coefficient matrix was determined using linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) methodology,and an adjustable range for feedback
coefficients was defined. HASE enabled spatial volume estimation and intuitive visualization of the system's stability region. The influence of
system parameters and feedback coefficients on the stability of the coupled system was analyzed,providing guidance for feedback coefficient
adjustment in practical engineering. Compared to uniform sampling estimation (USE),HASE achieves comparable stability region estimation
with reduced computational resources and accelerated processing speed,demonstrating its superior efficiency and effectiveness.
Keywords:maglev train;vehicle-guideway coupled vibration system;stability region analysis;hierarchical adaptive sampling;state feedback
control
近年来,在高效、安全、绿色交通需求的驱动 响运行安全性与乘坐舒适性,是振动工程领域的核
下,磁浮列车凭借其无机械接触、低噪声、强爬坡能 心挑战之一 [5-6] 。目前投入运营的磁浮列车多为电磁
力等优势,成为轨道交通领域的研究热点 [1-4] 。然而, 悬浮(electromagnetic suspension, EMS)型,其悬浮系统
磁浮交通系统在实际运行中面临着车-轨耦合振动 具有高度非线性和天然开环不稳定特性,对控制器
引起的悬浮失稳问题,尤其在中高速工况下,直接影 的鲁棒性与动态响应性能提出极高要求 [7-8] 。因此,
收稿日期:2025-08-15;修订日期:2025-10-10
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52522217,52441203,52332011);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目
(22120230311)

