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第 39 卷第 3 期                       振  动  工  程  学  报                                  Vol. 39 No. 3
               2026 年 3 月                      Journal of Vibration Engineering                       Mar. 2026



                           单质点周期结构超材料带隙分析和调谐



                                        赵春风     1,2 , 陈青杰 , 曾         超 , 王胤植       1
                                                                         1
                                                             1
                                       (1. 合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009;
                        2. 中国地震局工程力学研究所中国地震局地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080)


              摘要: 周期性排列的超材料存在特定带隙,可以衰减频率处于带隙内的弹性波。本文基于能量转换的原理分析了单质点周期
              结构带隙的产生机理,推导了一维单质点周期结构弹性波的频散方程并得到了布拉格带隙与局域共振带隙起始和截止位置的
              理论解。利用数值方法分析了系统质量比和刚度比对带隙位置及宽度的影响,研究了不同维度下的衰减常数。通过局域共振
              光带揭示了两种机制耦合位置的变化规律。建立有限单质量周期结构传输分析模型,通过频域分析和时域分析方法分别得到
              了透射谱曲线及系统 x 方向的动力响应,验证了理论简化分析方法的有效性及带隙结构和衰减特性的真实性。讨论了模型的
              局限性。结果表明:单质点周期结构有效衰减了位于带隙内的谐振波;相比调节质量比,调节等效刚度比可以更有效地调整带
              隙宽度及带隙的耦合位置。该研究结果可用于设计主动调谐带隙超材料,以实现实际环境中不同弹性波传播的定制化衰减。

              关键词: 带隙耦合; 带隙调节; 周期结构; 超材料; 衰减常数
              中图分类号: TU435    文献标志码: A      DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004⁃4523.202403012

                               Band gap analysis and adjustment of single‑particle
                                           periodic structure metamaterials


                                                                            1
                                               1,2
                                                               1
                                 ZHAO Chunfeng , CHEN Qingjie , ZENG Chao , WANG Yinzhi    1
                             (1.College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
                      2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration of China Earthquake Administration,
                           Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China)

              Abstract: A periodic arrangement of metamaterials possesses specific band gaps capable of attenuating elastic waves at frequencies
              within these gaps. Based on the principle of energy conversion, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of bandgaps in a sin⁃
              gle-particle periodic structures. The dispersion equation for elastic waves in a one-dimensional single-particle periodic structure is
              derived, yielding theoretical solutions for the starting and cutoff frequencies of both Bragg and local resonance bandgaps. The study
              employs numerical methods to analyze the influence of the system’s mass ratio and stiffness ratio on the positions and widths of the
              gaps, investigating attenuation constants in different dimensions. The evolution of the coupling locations between the two mecha⁃
              nisms  is  elucidated  through  the  local  resonance  bandgap.  A  finite  number  of  single  mass  periodic  structure  transmission  analysis
              models are established. Frequency-domain and time-domain analysis methods are utilized to generate transmission spectrum curves
              and dynamic responses of the system in the x-direction. This not only validates the effectiveness of the theoretically simplified ana⁃
              lytical methods but also ensures the authenticity of the gap structure and attenuation characteristics. The limitations of the model
              are discussed. The results indicate that a single⁃particle periodic structure effectively attenuates resonant waves within the band gap.
              In comparison to adjusting the mass ratio, more effective tuning of the band gap width and the coupling position of the band gap is
              achieved by adjusting the equivalent stiffness ratio. The research findings can be applied to the design of actively tunable band gap
              metamaterials, catering to the attenuation requirements of elastic wave propagation in different practical environments.

              Keywords: band gap coupling;band gap adjustment;periodic structure;metamaterials;attenuation constant



                  超材料是一种具有特殊物理性质的周期性结                           材料起源于电磁学,由于其在波动控制领域的特殊
              构,可以在亚波长范围内控制弹性波的传播                    [1⁃2] 。超   表现,应用已经迅速扩展到声波               [3⁃4] 和地震波 [5⁃6] 等领

                  收稿日期: 2024⁃03⁃05; 修订日期: 2024⁃05⁃07
                  基金项目: 国 家 自 然 科 学 基 金 面 上 项 目(52278302);中 国 地 震 局 工 程 力 学 研 究 所 基 本 科 研 业 务 费 专 项 资 金 资 助 项 目
                         (2020EEEVL0404)
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