Page 135 - 《中国药科大学学报》2025年第4期

学报
Journal of China Pharmaceutical University 2025, 56(4): 531 − 538 531

疟疾疫苗的研发进展

周 珂 1,2,3 ，陈宗香 ，刘兰军 1,2*
1,2

1
（ 成都生物制品研究所有限责任公司, 成都 610023； 中国生物技术股份有限公司 新突发传染病新型疫苗研发全国重点实验室，
2
3
北京 100024； 中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院, 南京 211198）
摘 要 疟疾是一种通过雌蚊叮咬、由疟原虫引起的传染病，对全球公共卫生构成重大威胁。2000 年以来人类通过各种手段
来防控疟疾，但受到 COVID-19 的影响，疟疾病例不降反升，因此疟疾疫苗成为了控制疟疾的重点之一。感染人类的疟原虫
主要包括恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫等。疟原虫的生命周期包括红前期、血液期和蚊期。已通过世界卫生组织预认证的两款
疫苗 RTS,S/AS01E 和 R21/Matrix-M 以恶性疟原虫红前期蛋白为靶点，临床试验数据显示降低了儿童疟疾的病死率，目前已
在非洲进行大规模接种。而针对其他阶段和靶点的疟疾疫苗还没有一个进入Ⅲ期临床试验。本文描述了疟疾的危害及防
控，总结了近几年针对红外期、血液期、蚊期疟原虫生命周期及间日疟原虫设计的疟疾疫苗，并展示了疟疾疫苗研发领域的挑
战及思路，为新型疟疾疫苗的研发提供参考。
关键词 疟疾；疟疾疫苗；恶性疟原虫；RTS,S/AS01E；R21/Matrix-M
中图分类号 R392-33 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1000−5048(2025)04−0531−08
doi：10.11665/j.issn.1000−5048.2024090401

引用本文 周珂，陈宗香，刘兰军. 疟疾疫苗的研发进展 [J]. 中国药科大学学报，2025，56（4）：531 − 538.

Cite this article as: ZHOU Ke, CHEN Zongxiang, LIU Lanjun. Progress in the development of malaria vaccines[J]. J China Pharm Univ,
2025, 56(4): 531 − 538.

Progress in the development of malaria vaccines
1,2
ZHOU Ke 1,2,3 , CHEN Zongxiang , LIU Lanjun 1,2*
1 2
Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610023; State Key Laboratory of Novel Vaccines for Emerging
3
Infectious Diseases, China National Biotec Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100024; School of Life Science and Technology, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China

Abstract Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium through the bite of female mosquitoes, posing
a significant threat to global public health. Since 2000, humans have adopted various measures to prevent and
control malaria, but due to the impact of COVID-19, the number of malaria cases has increased rather than
decreased, making malaria vaccines one of the focal points for controlling the disease. The Plasmodium that
infects humans mainly includes Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The life cycle of Plasmodium
includes the pre-erythrocytic stage, the blood stage, and the mosquito stage. Two vaccines, RTS,S/AS01E, and
R21/Matrix-M, which have been pre-qualified by the World Health Organization to target the pre-erythrocytic
proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. The clinical trial data show reduction in malaria mortality rates among
children, and mass vaccination is currently underway in Africa. However, no malaria vaccines targeting other
stages or antigens have yet entered phase III clinical trials. This article describes the hazards and prevention of
malaria, summarizes malaria vaccines designed in recent years for the three stages of the Plasmodium life cycle:
the pre-erythrocytic stage, the blood stage, and the mosquito stage, and demonstrates the challenges and ideas in
the field of malaria vaccine research and development, aiming to provide some reference for the development of
novel malaria vaccines.
Key words malaria; malaria vaccines; Plasmodium falciparum; RTS,S/AS01E; R21/Matrix-M

收稿日期 2024-09-04 * 通信作者 Tel：028-84418232 E-mail：liulanjun@sinopharm.com