Page 200 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第5期
P. 200
第 39 卷第 5 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 5
2026 年 5 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering May 2026
负 泊 松 比 超 材 料 的 拓 扑 优 化 设 计
及 减 振 性 能 试 验 研 究
吴少培 , 姬小利 , 李国芳 , 邱登磊 , 李得洋 , 丁旺才 1,2
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(1. 兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070; 2. 西安交通工程学院机械与电气工程学院,陕西 西安 710300)
摘 要: 本 文 旨 在 通 过 拓 扑 优 化 方 法 设 计 一 种 具 有 优 异 吸 能 性 能 的 负 泊 松 比 超 材 料 , 通 过 试 验 对 其 性 能 进 行 验 证 。 基 于
SIMP(solid isotropic material penalty)法,本文以最小化柔顺度为目标函数、以体积分数为约束条件建立了拓扑优化模型,优化
出三种具有指定负泊松比的单胞结构。通过对 TPU(thermoplastic polyurethane)材料标准试验件进行拉伸与松弛试验,验证了
超弹性 Ogden 模型和黏弹性 Prony 级数在模拟 TPU 材料力学性能方面的适用性。结合静力学仿真与试验,系统分析了不同周
期排列、结构厚度及负泊松比值对应结构下的吸能特性。通过进一步的频响分析和振动测试,评估了结构的动态响应和减振
能力。研究表明,负泊松比超材料在压缩变形过程中能够有效吸收外部能量,排列方式与结构厚度对吸能性能有显著影响,
不同负泊松比值对应的结构在减振性能上表现出明显差异。本文通过数值模拟与试验验证,为负泊松比超材料的结构优化
设计提供了数值参考与试验支持。
关键词: 负泊松比超材料;拓扑优化;减振吸能
中图分类号:O328 文献标志码:A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202509006
Topology optimization design and experimental investigation
of vibration reduction performance of auxetic metamaterials
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WU Shaopei ,JI Xiaoli ,LI Guofang ,QIU Denglei ,LI Deyang ,DING Wangcai 1,2
(1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;2.School of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering,Xi’an Traffic Engineering University,Xi’an 710300,China)
Abstract:This study aims to design a negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterial with excellent energy absorption performance using topology
optimization,and to experimentally validate its performance. Based on the SIMP method,a topology optimization model was established with
the objective of minimizing compliance and the volume fraction as the constraint, through which three unit cell structures with specified
negative Poisson’s ratios were obtained. Tensile and relaxation tests were performed on standard TPU specimens to verify the applicability of
the hyperelastic Ogden model and viscoelastic Prony series in simulating the mechanical behavior of TPU materials. Combining static
simulation with experimental analysis,the energy absorption characteristics of the structures with different periodic arrangements,structural
thicknesses, and corresponding negative Poisson’s ratios were systematically examined. Further frequency response analysis and vibration
testing were performed to evaluate the dynamical response and vibration reduction capabilities of the structures. The results show that the
negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterials effectively absorb external energy during compression deformation,with the arrangement and thickness
of the structure significantly influencing their energy absorption performance. Structures with different negative Poisson’s ratios exhibit distinct
in vibration reduction performance. Numerical simulations and experimental validation confirm the excellent vibration reduction effect,which
provid numerical references and experimental support for the structural optimization design of negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterials.
Keywords:auxetic metamaterials;topology optimization;vibration reduction and energy absorption
传统材料的性能往往受到其原子和分子结构的 材料所不具备的超常物理特性而引起了广泛关注 [1-2] 。
限制,难以满足现代科技对材料性能日益增长的需 超材料独特的力学性能主要源于特殊设计的内部构
求。超材料作为一种新型功能材料,由于具有天然 型及排列方式,而非仅由材料本身的特性所决定 ,这
[3]
收稿日期:2025-09-02;修订日期:2025-11-29
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(12162020,12262017);甘肃省青年科技基金资助项目(23JRRA1697);甘肃省自然
科学基金资助项目(25JRRA172);兰州交通大学青年科学基金资助项目(2024037)

