Page 151 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第5期
P. 151

第 39 卷第 5 期                       振 动 工 程 学 报                                       Vol. 39 No. 5
               2026 年  5 月                     Journal of Vibration Engineering                       May 2026



                               时   速    600    公   里   磁    浮   列   车   穿   隧    运   行   时

                                         洞   口    微   气   压   波   抑    控   研   究



                                        王凯文 , 熊小慧 , 曾杰伟 , 龙志强                      1,2
                                                            3
                                                1
                                                                       1,2
                  (1. 国防科技大学智能科学学院,湖南 长沙 410073; 2. 装备状态感知与敏捷保障全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410073;
                                           3. 中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075)


              摘要:高速磁浮列车驶入隧道产生的初始压缩波在车速和非线性效应的影响下,极易在洞口诱发音爆现象,并造成周围建筑
              物门窗结构低频共振。本文提出隧道洞口多孔介质缓冲结构和洞身多孔涂层相结合的抑控方案,研究了抑控方案对压缩波
              传播特性和微气压波的影响机理。研究结果表明,入口多孔介质缓冲结构通过延长压缩波上升时间并实现压缩波梯度轮廓
              多峰平衡,可将初始压缩波梯度幅值降低              55.6%;出口多孔区域可使压缩波逐级均匀释放,从而约束微气压波的辐射范围。洞
              身多孔涂层通过增加摩擦效应抑制了压缩波的非线性效应。此外,抑控方案可削弱尾车驶入隧道产生的初始膨胀波,从而降
              低了隧道和车体表面的压力波动幅值。
              关键词: 磁浮列车;隧道气动效应;微气压波;缓冲结构;多孔涂层
              中图分类号:U270.2        文献标志码:A        DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202509016



                   Research on suppression and control of micro-pressure waves at tunnel portals
                                 induced by a 600 km/h maglev train passing through

                                               1
                                                                          1,2
                                                             3
                                  WANG Kaiwen ,XIONG Xiaohui ,ZENG Jiewei ,LONG Zhiqiang 1,2
                   (1.College of Intelligence Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;
                           2.National Key Laboratory of Equipment State Sensing and Smart Support,Changsha 410073,China;
                          3.School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

              Abstract:The initial compression wave generated when high-speed maglev trains enter tunnels is highly prone to inducing portal sonic boom
              phenomena under the influence of train speed and nonlinear effects,and can cause low-frequency resonance in the doors and windows of
              surrounding buildings. This paper proposes a combined suppression and control scheme involving porous-media hoods at the tunnel portals and
              porous  coatings  along  the  tunnel  body, investigating  the  mechanism  by  which  the  scheme  affects  the  propagation  characteristics  of  the
              compression  wave  and  the  micro-pressure  wave.  The  research  results  show  that  the  entrance  porous  media  hoods  can  reduce  the  initial
              compression wave gradient by 55.6% by prolonging the rise time of the compression wave and achieving a multi-peak balance in the gradient
              profile. The exit porous zone allows the compression wave to be released uniformly in stages,thereby constraining the radiation range of the
              micro-pressure wave. The porous coating along the tunnel body suppresses the nonlinear effects of the compression wave by increasing friction.
              Additionally, the  suppression  and  control  scheme  can  weaken  the  initial  expansion  wave  generated  when  the  tail  train  enters  the  tunnel,
              thereby reducing the amplitude of pressure fluctuations on the tunnel and train surfaces.

              Keywords:maglev train;tunnel aerodynamic effect;micro-pressure wave;hood structure;porous coating

                  高速磁浮列车通过电磁悬浮与驱动技术摆脱了                          战 [2-3] 。由列车穿越隧道引发的交变压力作用于车
              轮轨黏着速度极限,可填补高铁与航空出行方式之                            体、隧道壁面以及隧道内附属设施,易产生结构疲
              间的速度空白 。随着高速磁浮列车的设计运营速                            劳损伤问题      [4-6] ;而车体表面压力通过空调系统和车
                           [1]
              度向   0.49 Ma 量级突破,列车穿越隧道引发的耦合气                    门间隙等路径传播至车内,可能造成乘客耳鸣、晕
              动效应问题已成为制约磁浮交通系统发展的核心挑                            眩,甚至损伤乘客耳膜 。当隧道足够长时,初始压
                                                                                    [7]


                  收稿日期:2025-09-07;修订日期:2025-10-23
                  基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(52332011);国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U24B20119);湖南省自然科学
                          基金资助项目(2023JJ20053)
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