Page 151 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第11期
P. 151

第 38 卷第 11 期                      振 动 工 程 学 报                                      Vol. 38 No. 11
               2025 年  11 月                    Journal of Vibration Engineering                       Nov. 2025



                    磁   悬    浮   柔   性   转   子    无   试   重   不   平    衡   量   分   布   优    化   方   法



                                张仁坤, 徐园平, 姚润晖, 周 扬, 崔 刚, 周 瑾

                                           (南京航空航天大学机电学院,江苏 南京 210016)


              摘要:转子动平衡是磁悬浮旋转机械的关键制造工艺之一。然而现有的动平衡方法需要多次试车以获得影响系数,效率较
              低,且未考虑不平衡量的随机分布特性与系统各阶模态稳定性差异,在平衡高阶模态时会影响低阶模态振动,难以满足全速
              域运行下的振动水平要求。针对该问题,提出一种磁悬浮柔性转子无试重不平衡量分布优化方法。建立磁悬浮轴承-柔性转
              子系统模型,并用模态试验和闭环激励辨识获取未知参数,基于                      API617 标准验证模型准确性;基于单次升速试运行的振动数
              据,通过最小二乘法辨识转子不平衡量分布;以闭环极点的实部项表征各阶模态稳定性,设计各模态区间的平衡权重系数,以
              修配质量最小、振动位移最小为目标,采用               NSGA-Ⅱ 遗传算法优化修配方案。试验结果表明,所提出的方法可使转子振动位
              移最大减小    65%,且各阶模态均有良好的平衡效果,满足全速域运行振动水平要求,验证了该方法的有效性。

              关键词: 磁悬浮轴承;转子动力学;系统参数辨识;不平衡量分布优化
              中图分类号:TH133.3        文献标志码:A        DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202508094



                 Optimization of unbalance distribution in magnetic levitation flexible rotor system
                                                   without trial weights

                             ZHANG Renkun,XU Yuanping,YAO Runhui,ZHOU Yang,CUI Gang,ZHOU Jin
                  (College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

              Abstract:Rotor dynamic balancing is one of the key processes in manufacturing magnetic levitation rotating machinery. However,existing
              balancing methods require multiple trial runs to obtain influence coefficients,thus resulting in low efficiency. Moreover,they fail to account
              for the random distribution characteristics of unbalance and the stability differences among different modal orders,leading to interference
              between low- and high-mode vibrations during balancing,which makes it difficult to meet vibration level requirements across the entire speed
              range. To address these issues,an optimization method for unbalance distribution in magnetic levitation flexible rotors without trial weights is
              proposed. Firstly,a magnetic bearing-flexible rotor system model is established,and unknown parameters are identified through modal testing
              and closed-loop excitation. The model’s accuracy is verified based on the API617 standard. Next,the rotor unbalance distribution is identified
              using least squares fitting based on vibration data from a single run-up test. Finally,the real part of the closed-loop poles is used to characterize
              the stability of each modal order,and modal-specific balancing weight coefficients are designed. With the objectives of minimizing correction
              mass  and  vibration  displacement, the  NSGA-Ⅱ   genetic  algorithm  is  employed  to  optimize  the  balancing  solution.  Experimental  results
              demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the maximum rotor vibration displacement by up to 65%,achieving effective balancing across
              all modal orders while meeting full-speed-range vibration requirements,thereby validating its effectiveness.

              Keywords:active magnetic bearings;rotor dynamics;system parameter identification;optimization of unbalance distribution

                  磁悬浮轴承具有高速、无摩擦、长寿命、免润滑                         进行动平衡。
              等优点,可以使涡轮分子泵 、空气压缩机 、低温                               无试重动平衡避免了反复启停、添加试重的过
                                                     [2]
                                       [1]
              余热发电机      [3]  等旋转机械进一步提高转速,以获取                  程,可大幅提高磁悬浮旋转机械动平衡工艺的实施
              更高的运行效率。然而,随着设计转速的不断提升,                           效率,降低试运行成本 ,是转子动平衡技术的研究
                                                                                    [6]
              转子逐渐由刚性过渡到柔性 ,残余不平衡质量会诱                           热点。现有的无试重动平衡方法可归纳为基于经验
                                       [4]
              发转子挠曲变形,导致严重的不平衡振动,危害设备                           公式  [7-8] 、智能算法 [9-11] 、动力学模型  [12-15]  三大类。
              正常运行 ,因此,有必要对磁悬浮旋转机械的转子                               经验公式法可快速粗估不平衡量,但具体参数
                      [5]


                  收稿日期:2025-08-15;修订日期:2025-09-22
                  基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目             (2024YFB3410003);国家自然科学基金资助项目        (52475060);江苏省研究生科研与
                          实践创新计划资助项目        (KYCX24_0547)
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