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2 期 莫子颖,等:饲料 SFA/MUFA 比对尼罗罗非鱼生长性能、组织脂肪酸组成和肝脂代谢的影响 50 卷
留并无一致的偏好。LC-PUFA 在过氧化物酶中进 fatty acids[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2023 (in Chinese).
行最初 β 氧化后进入线粒体进行更加完全的 β 氧 [ 2 ] Cronjé P B. A reappraisal of the potential of dietary fatty acids
化,而酰基辅酶 A氧化酶 (Aco-x1) 是该代谢途径 to ameliorate heat stress[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd Annual
的主要限速酶 。本研究发现,该限速酶基因表 Australian Poultry Science Symposium. Sydney: The Poultry
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达水平在 SFA/MUFA 比值为 0.31 时最低,从而使 Research Foundation, The World’s Poultry Science Associ-
ation 2011: 161-169.
机体更顺利进行 β 氧化,这也可能就是低 SFA/
[ 3 ] Lund I, Höglund E, Ebbesson L O E, et al. Dietary LC-PUFA
MUFA 饲料组 n-3 LC-PUFA 含量最高的重要因素。
deficiency early in ontogeny induces behavioural changes in
3.4 饲料 SFA/MUFA 比对尼罗罗非鱼肌肉组 pike perch (Sander lucioperca) larvae and fry[J]. Aquaculture,
织的影响 2014, 432: 453-461.
[ 4 ] 宁丽军, 李加敏, 孙胜香, 等. 鱼类脂肪酸 β-氧化研究进展 [J].
高品质肌肉不仅体现在营养成分上,还与消
水产学报, 2019, 43(1): 128-142.
费者的感官体验相关。肌肉品质包括硬度、咀嚼
Ning L J, Li J M, Sun S X, et al. Fatty acid β-oxidation in fish:
性、黏聚性、柔软度等一系列属性 。肌肉脂质
[33]
a review[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2019, 43(1): 128-142
水平通常可以直接影响鱼肉的质地和味道。随着
(in Chinese).
脂质含量的增加,鱼肉的硬度和弹性呈下降趋势, [ 5 ] Crockett E L, Sidell B D. Substrate selectivities differ for hep-
这会导致鱼肉的黏性增加 。另外,各种营养因 atic mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation in an Antarctic
[33]
素 (如饲料中脂肪酸) 可显著改变养殖鱼类的脂质 fish, Notothenia gibberifrons[J]. Biochemical Journal, 1993,
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组成和质地。如在尼罗罗非鱼 、团头鲂 (Mega- 289(2): 427-433.
lobrama amblycephala) [33] 和 鲤 (Cyprinus carpio) [34] [ 6 ] Mata-Sotres J A, Marques V H, Barba D, et al. Increasing diet-
的饲料中加入高含量的 DHA 和 ALA 可以增强鱼 ary SFA: MUFA ratio with low levels of LC-PUFA affected
[35]
体肌肉的黏聚性、咀嚼性和黏性等特性 。本研 lipid metabolism, tissue fatty acid profile and growth of juven-
ile California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis)[J]. Aquaculture,
究中,饲喂低 SFA/MUFA (0.31) 饲料使尼罗罗非
2021, 543: 737011.
鱼肌肉脂质含量下降,从而显著改善尼罗罗非鱼
[ 7 ] Bowzer J, Trushenski J, Rawles S, et al. Apparent digestibility
肌肉的硬度、剪切力、弹性和咀嚼性,亦有利于
of Asian carp‐ and common carp‐derived fish meals in feeds
增强尼罗罗非鱼肌肉的紧实度。
for hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis♀×M. chrysops♂ and
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,
4 结论
2015, 21(1): 43-53.
本研究发现,饲料中 SFA/MUFA 比值对尼罗 [ 8 ] Jin M, Lu Y, Pan T T, et al. Effects of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA/n-
罗非鱼的生长性能和饲料利用率无显著影响,但 6 C 18 PUFA ratio on growth, feed utilization, fatty acid com-
position and lipid metabolism related gene expression in black
随着饲料中 SFA/MUFA 比值的增加,血清 TG 和
seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii[J]. Aquaculture, 2019, 500:
T-CHO 含量以及肝脏和肌肉脂质含量均有所增加。
521-531.
SFA/MUFA 比值为 0.31 时,尼罗罗非鱼组织 n-3
[ 9 ] Rombenso A N, Turchini G M, Trushenski J T. The omega-3
LC-PUFA 含量较高,肌肉质地较好,有利于提高
sparing effect of saturated fatty acids: a reason to reconsider
肌肉品质。此外,低 SFA/MUFA 比饲料有利于提 common knowledge of fish oil replacement[J]. Reviews in
升尼罗罗非鱼组织 n-3 LC-PUFA 水平,主要通过 Aquaculture, 2022, 14(1): 213-217.
“n-3 LC-PUFA 节约效应”,而非影响 LC-PUFA 合 [10] Rombenso A N, Trushenski J T, Jirsa D, et al. Successful fish
成能力。 oil sparing in white seabass feeds using saturated fatty acid-rich
soybean oil and 22: 6n-3 (DHA) supplementation[J]. Aquacul-
(作者声明本文无利益冲突) ture, 2015, 448: 176-185.
[11] Peng M, Xu W, Tan P, et al. Effect of dietary fatty acid com-
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[ 1 ] 李远友. 鱼类脂肪酸精准营养的理论与应用实践 [M]. 北京: metabolism in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L. ) fed
科学出版社, 2023. diets with required n3 LC-PUFAs[J]. Aquaculture, 2017, 479:
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中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries https://www.china-fishery.cn
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