Page 61 - 《中国药科大学学报》2026年第2期

第 57 卷第 2 期 冉靖芝，等：毒品原植物 DNA 鉴定方法研究进展 187

表 2 毒品原植物 DNA 鉴定方法优缺点
类 别 名 称 优 点 缺 点
DNA分子标记 RFLP 共显性，结果稳定，信息完整 操作烦琐，耗时长，通量低
CAPS 操作简便，准确性高，自动化 依赖已知酶切位点
RAPD 操作简便，通用性强 重复性差，显性标记，信息有限
SCAR 特异性强，重复性好 开发过程复杂
STR 共显性，鉴别力强，灵敏度高 需已知侧翼序列，开发成本高
SNP 数量丰富，稳定性高，易于分型 单位点信息量低，需组合分析
DNA条形码 ITS 种间变异大，通用性强，鉴别能力强 可能存在多拷贝问题
rbcL 易于扩增，序列获取成功率高 种间鉴别能力有时不足
trnH-psbA 进化快，对近缘种鉴别力强 Indel多，序列比对困难
复合条形码 显著提高鉴别能力和可靠性 成本与工作量增加
新兴技术 HRM 快速，低成本，可检测单碱基差异 需优化反应条件，依赖高质量PCR
WGS 信息量大，完整度高 成本高，数据分析复杂
TGS 无需PCR，便携 原始错误率较高
GWAS 信息量大，识别未知关联位点 需大量样本和表型数据
DETECTR 高特异性与灵敏度，快速 处于研发初期，仍需研究

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