Page 75 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第5期
P. 75
第 39 卷第 5 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 5
2026 年 5 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering May 2026
融 合 多 模 态 转 子 振 动 特 性 的 电 机 轴 承 故 障
定 位 与 诊 断 方 法
陈 阳 , 史大为 , 李学军 , 张 浩 , 蒋玲莉 , 谷丰收 2
3
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(1. 佛山大学机械工业转子振动监测及诊断技术重点实验室,广东 佛山 528225; 2. 哈德斯菲尔德大学效率与效能工程中心,
英国 哈德斯菲尔德 HD1 3DH; 3. 河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津 300401;
4. 天津城建大学控制与机械工程学院,天津 300384)
摘要:为保证电机运行的可靠性与安全性,振动分析法被广泛应用于其滚动轴承部件的状态监测与故障诊断。然而,传统的
监测手段对微弱故障不敏感,且无法通过单一传感器所采集的振动信号实现故障轴承定位。本文采用有限元法建立柔性转
子-轴承系统动力学模型,求解不同轴承故障类型和故障轴承位置下转子系统的非线性动力学响应,提出了一种融合多模态转
子振动特性和转子感知(ORS)技术的滚动轴承故障定位诊断方法。仿真和试验结果均表明:轴承故障所造成的脉冲激励与转
子系统模态的耦合振动增强了故障特征分量在固有模态频率附近的幅值,转子系统在 1500 Hz 附近的第 4 阶模态的振动响应
能量可以作为故障轴承定位的重要特征指标。所提方法利用 ORS 单传感器节点实现了对轴承故障类型、故障程度以及故障
轴承定位的诊断,相较于传统诊断方法具有明显优势。
关键词: 故障诊断;滚动轴承;转子动力学;模态响应
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中图分类号:TH165 .3;TH133.33 文献标志码:A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202508054
Fault localization and diagnosis method of motor bearing
based on multimodal rotor vibration characteristics
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CHEN Yang ,SHI Dawei ,LI Xuejun ,ZHANG Hao ,JIANG Lingli ,GU Fengshou 2
(1.Key Laboratory of Rotor Vibration Monitoring and Diagnosis Technology for Mechanical Industry,Foshan University,Foshan 528225,
China;2.Centre for Efficiency and Performance Engineering,University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield HD1 3DH,UK;
3.School of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;
4.School of Control and Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China)
Abstract:To ensure the reliability and safety of motor operation,vibration analysis is widely applied in the condition monitoring and fault
diagnosis of its rolling bearing components. However,traditional monitoring methods are insensitive to weak faults and cannot locate faulty
bearings through the vibration signals collected by a single sensor. In this research,the dynamical model of the flexible rotor-bearing system
was established using the finite element method to obtain the nonlinear dynamical responses and its variation law of the rotor system with
different types and positions of faulty bearings. A diagnostic method for fault location of rolling bearings based on multimodal rotor vibration
characteristics and on-rotor sensing (ORS) technology is proposed. Both simulation and experimental results show that the coupling vibration
between the pulse excitation of faulty bearing and the rotor system modes enhance the amplitude of the fault feature components near the natural
modal frequency. The vibration response energy of the 4th order mode of rotor system near 1500 Hz is an important feature for identifying the
position of the faulty bearing. The proposed method achieves the comprehensive diagnosis of bearing fault types and faulty bearings localization
using a signal ORS single sensor node and has significant advantages over traditional diagnostic methods.
Keywords:fault diagnosis;rolling bearing;rotor dynamics;modal response
感应电机作为现代工业的核心设备,凭借其高 运行中,电机轴承不仅长期面对高温、机械应力和
可靠性、宽调速范围和强过载能力被广泛应用于风 腐蚀等恶劣工况,还面临轴电流损伤导致的电蚀磨
电装备、航空工业和轨道交通等关键领域。在实际 损等特殊失效风险 [1-2] 。研究表明,滚动轴承作为连
收稿日期:2025-08-14;修订日期:2025-09-15
基金项目:广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2024A1515240061);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB2007800);
广东省普通高校创新团队项目(2023KCXTD031)

