Page 71 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第11期

第 38 卷第 11 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 38 No. 11
2025 年 11 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Nov. 2025

阈 值 优 化 的 自 适 应 双 向 压 缩 变 换 及 其 在 碰 摩 故 障

特 征 提 取 中 的 应 用

贺 雅 ， 陈焱锜 ， 柯艺波 ， 尹剑飞 ， 温激鸿 1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
（1. 国防科技大学智能科学学院，湖南 长沙 410073；
2. 国防科技大学装备状态感知与敏捷保障全国重点实验室，湖南 长沙 410073）

摘要：旋转机械转静碰摩诱发的复合信号具有显著非平稳特性，现有单向高分辨率时频方法难以同步清晰表征谐波瞬时频率
与脉冲群延迟的动态特性。针对这一问题，本文提出一种阈值优化的自适应双向压缩变换方法。通过分析瞬时频率与群延
迟的相关性，明确了瞬时频率变化率（调频率）为关键影响因素，构建了基于能量扩散特性的调频率阈值，以实现分量属性精
准区分与压缩策略适配选择。提出了基于局部最大准则的瞬时频率与群延迟自适应估计算子，显著提升了双向压缩对强调
制分量的时频聚集能力。仿真与碰摩模拟试验验证表明，该方法在保持信号完美重构能力的同时，高分辨率同步表征碰摩复
合非平稳信号中的强时变谐波与强频变脉冲分量。本文研究成果不仅能精准提取碰摩非线性振动特征以提升诊断精度，更
为深入探究故障演化机理提供了可靠技术支撑。
关键词： 转静碰摩故障；双向压缩变换；瞬时频率；群延迟；调频率阈值
中图分类号：TH17；TH133 文献标志码：A DOI：10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202508038

Adaptive bi-directional maximal squeezing transform based on threshold optimization
and its application in the feature extraction of rub-impact fault

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HE Ya ，CHEN Yanqi ，KE Yibo ，YIN Jianfei ，WEN Jihong 1,2
（1.College of Intelligence Science and Technology，National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073，China；2.National Key
Laboratory of Equipment State Sensing and Smart Support，National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073，China）
Abstract：The composite signals induced by rotor-stator rub-impact in rotating machinery exhibit significant non-stationary features. Existing
unidirectional time-frequency methods struggle to synchronously and clearly characterize the dynamic properties of the instantaneous frequency
of harmonic modes and the group delay of impulsive modes. To address this issue， this paper proposes a threshold-optimized adaptive
bidirectional squeezing transform method. By the correlation analysis between instantaneous frequency and group delay，the instantaneous
frequency change rate (i.e.， chirp rate) is identified as a key factor. A chirp rate threshold based on energy diffusion characteristics is
constructed to achieve accurate distinction of mode attributes and adaptive selection of squeezing strategies. Furthermore， an adaptive
estimator of instantaneous frequency and group delay based on the local maximum criterion is proposed to enhance the time-frequency
concentration of bidirectional squeezing for strongly modulated modes. Simulation and experiment analysis show that this method can
synchronously characterize strongly time-varying harmonic modes and strongly frequency-varying impulsive modes with high resolution while
maintaining the perfect signal reconstruction capability. The research results of this paper not only can accurately extract nonlinear vibration
characteristics of the rub-impact fault to improve diagnostic accuracy，but also provide reliable technical support for in-depth exploration of the
rub-impact fault evolution mechanism.
Keywords：rotor-stator rub-impact fault；bi-directional maximal squeezing transform；instantaneous frequency；group delay；chirp rate threshold

转静碰摩是离心压缩机、汽轮机、航空发动机 期故障特征、保障机组安全运行的关键技术之一，开
等高速旋转机械最常见的故障模式之一，严重威胁 展转静碰摩振动特征提取及诊断研究，对提升旋转
机组的使用寿命与安全运行 。振动分析是捕捉早 机械运行可靠性具有重要意义 。然而，转静碰摩诱
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[2]

收稿日期：2025-08-13；修订日期：2025-09-10
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52305143）；中国科协青年人才托举工程资助项目（2024-2026QNRC001）；湖南省
自然科学基金资助项目（2024JJ6463）