Page 232 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第11期
P. 232
第 38 卷第 11 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 38 No. 11
2025 年 11 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Nov. 2025
水 声 吸 声 超 材 料 拓 扑 优 化 设 计
郑周甫 , 杨海滨 , 王 洋 , 钟 杰 , 马炜彤 , 梁才琼 , 徐胜森 1,2
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(1. 国防科技大学智能科学学院,湖南 长沙 410073;
2. 国防科技大学装备状态感知与敏捷保障全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410073)
摘要:针对水声吸声超材料“低密度、高刚度、高效吸声”等多目标需求,建立了一个基于流固耦合传递方程的拓扑优化框架,
旨在开展超材料结构按需逆向设计。构建了“橡胶-超结构-橡胶”的超材料数学模型,其中超结构由周期阵列的各向异性微结
构单元构成。为了开展理论分析,基于渐进均质化等效方法获取的等效参数构建传递矩阵关系,表征超材料中弹性波传播特
性,并结合流固耦合关系发展超材料声学性能计算的理论方法。开展结构设计时,建立的拓扑优化框架以高效吸声为优化目
标,结构等效刚度和体积分数为约束条件,实现满足低密度、高刚度需求的声学性能最优化微结构。对优化结果的分析表明,
高效的吸声性能源于超结构层对入射声波的操纵,通过其调控可在两侧橡胶层内形成横波,进而基于橡胶材料对横波的高效
损耗能力实现声能的大幅吸收,达到有效抑制反射的效果。本研究为水声吸声超材料分析提供了一种准确高效的理论计算
方法,并为快速开展超材料逆向设计提供了有效的拓扑优化框架,有望为破解超材料工程化应用中的需求矛盾提供解决方案。
关键词: 水声超材料;低频宽带吸声;流固耦合传递方程;拓扑优化
中图分类号:O429 文献标志码:A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202507064
Topology optimization design of hydroacoustic metamaterials for sound absorption
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ZHENG Zhoufu ,YANG Haibin ,WANG Yang ,ZHONG Jie ,MA Weitong ,
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LIANG Caiqiong ,XU Shengsen 1,2
(1.College of Intelligence Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;
2.National Key Laboratory of Equipment State Sensing and Smart Support,National University of Defense Technology,
Changsha 410073,China)
Abstract:To address the multi-objective requirements for hydroacoustic absorption metamaterials,such as ‘low density,high stiffness,and
high-efficiency sound absorption’ a topology optimization framework based on the transfer equations for fluid-structure interaction is proposed
to achieve on-demand inverse design of the metamaterial structures. A mathematical model of the metamaterial structured as ‘rubber-
metastructure-rubber’ is established. Within this model,the metastructure consists of periodically arranged anisotropic microstructural units.
Based on the effective parameters obtained via the asymptotic homogenization method,a transfer matrix relationship is constructed to analyze
the propagation characteristics of elastic waves within the metamaterial,and a theoretical method for calculating the acoustic performance of
the metamaterial is developed by combining the fluid-structure coupling relationships. A topological optimization framework is constructed for
structural design. With high-efficiency sound absorption as the optimization objective, and structural equivalent stiffness and volume fraction as
the constraints,some optimized microstructures with acoustic performance that meet the requirements of low density and high stiffness are
achieved. The analysis of the optimization results reveals that efficient acoustic performance stems from the manipulation of incident
longitudinal waves by the metastructure layer,and through its regulation,transverse waves can be formed in the rubber layers on both sides.
Based on the high loss capability of rubber materials for transverse waves,significant absorption of acoustic energy is achieved,ultimately
leading to effective suppression of reflection. This research presents an accurate and efficient theoretical method for analyzing hydroacoustic
absorption metamaterials,along with an effective topology optimization framework for rapid inverse design of metamaterials. This approach
offers a promising solution to resolve conflicting requirements in the engineering application of metamaterials.
Keywords:hydroacoustic metamaterials; low-frequency and broadband sound absorption; transfer equations for fluid-structure interaction;
topology optimization
近年来超材料发展迅速,作为一种通过人工巧 超隐身 、传播调控 、极端可调各向异性 、波模调
[5]
[7]
[6]
妙设计的微结构复合材料,其包括声学超材料 、力 控 [8-10] 等超常物理特性,突破了天然材料固有的物理
[1]
学超材料 、光学超材料 [3] 等范畴,可实现负折射 、 限制,能够按需调控物质与场(声场、力场等)的相
[4]
[2]
收稿日期:2025-07-28;修订日期:2025-08-12
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52201386,52401396);国家重点实验室基金资助项目(WDZC20245250305)

