Page 59 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAEndInjury and illness in short-course triathletes 181
the sport of triathlon, where training load monitoring requires exposure data, can provide an inaccurate and incomplete
different approaches across the disciplines. Injuries that occur depiction of risk. 80 The International Olympic Committee
within the training environment warrant further investigation consensus statement recommends that the recording and
to accurately analyze injury risk in training and competition reporting of injury and illness data in sport should also include
injury severity data, defined as “the number of days that have
across the entire season for short-course triathletes.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPHigh-quality injury surveillance data underpin Stage 1 of elapsed from the day after the onset of the incident to the day
the TRIPP framework, and the majority of the current triathlon of full injury recovery”, be reported. 74 There are limited injury
literature demonstrates significant limitations regarding quality severity data available for short-course triathlon; however, in
surveillance practices. 14 Injury definitions and length of the available literature, injuries sustained during running are
surveillance periods varied considerably across different uniformly classified as the most severe with respect to time
studies, from short periods during major competition to a loss from training, followed by cycling injuries. 51 For triath-
triathlete’s total participation history. 7072 Prospective studies letes with injuries, modifications to training were reported to
are lacking in the current body of literature on short-course occur 17%75% of the time across the 3 disciplines. 81 Exclu-
triathlon injury incidence rates, which is mostly limited to sively using time loss from sport to measure injury severity
retrospective study designs, unvalidated recall timeframes, may considerably underestimate the true injury burden. 80
inconsistent injury and exposure definitions, and/or a failure to Evidence from other sports suggests that the risk of sustaining
66
capture exposure data. Only 6 studies utilized prospective a more severe injury resulting in time loss in the 7 days
study designs, where injury data were captured as injuries following an initial non-time loss injury is 36 times greater
occurred, which minimizes the potential recall bias associated post-injury, and that risk remains high for up to 12
with retrospective self-report study designs. 9,10,26,28,45,46 weeks. 8284 Tertiary interventions designed to prevent further
Establishing accurate injury profiles for triathlon from the health complications and mitigate elevated risk should be
current literature is challenging due to discrepancies with prioritized for injured athletes. Establishing reliable time-loss
injury reporting, with some studies failing to discern between data and developing a greater understanding of injury severity
injury body site and injury tissue type. 66 While it is possible in short-course triathletes is required to inform injury preven-
for athletes to sustain multiple injuries to different body sites tion practices and optimize athlete health and performance
during a single injury event, these injuries should be handled according to the TRIPP framework.TaggedAPTARAEnd
as separate injury episodes to allow for the recording of accu- TaggedAPTARAPLimited information regarding sex differences between
rate injury sites and also duration. 73,74 Future prospective injuries exists in short-course triathlon. One study reported
studies with robust methodology focusing on quality surveil- injury nature and site differences between males and
lance practices using standardized definitions will facilitate the females, 39 and 1 study was able to differentiate injury sites
capture of accurate exposure data for both training and compe- according to sex. 53 From these 2 studies, the injury site was
tition to better characterize the most common and severe inju- found to be similar between males and females; 39,53 however,
the injury tissue type was different. Females had a larger
ries in short-course triathletes.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPLower limb injuries, specifically at the knee, ankle, and foot proportion of bone, muscle, and tendon injuries compared to
are the most commonly reported injuries in short-course males, who predominately sustained muscle injuries. 39 These
triathletes. 5,43,51,53 Most of these injuries are reported as results need to be interpreted with caution as female athletes are
overuse onset injuries (50%75%) 43,53 associated with under-represented in the literature. Studies focusing on long-
running (54%92%) during training and course triathlete injuries have compared incidence rates between
26,39,43,45,51,53 1
competition, which is consistent with the males and females and found no difference. Constructing an
evidence reported in runners, where 80% of running injuries accurate injury profile for male and female triathletes should
are of an overuse onset and occur in the lower limb, predomi- therefore be a priority for future surveillance initiatives.TaggedAPTARAEnd
nately the knee, upper and lower leg, and foot. 75 Two 5-year
retrospective studies on standard distance triathletes reported
TaggedAPTARAH24.2. Etiological factors contributing to injury in short-course
the knee to be the most frequently injured region in training
and competition, 26,51 while another study stated contusions triathletesTaggedAPTARAEnd
and abrasions/grazes were the most frequently reported inju- TaggedAPTARAPTo emphasize time loss from training and competition
ries during a short-course triathlon competition. 51 This along with subsequent injury risk, it is critical to understand
outcome is consistent with the literature on road cyclists, the underlying etiology of the most burdensome injuries in
where the most prevalent injuries are superficial skin injuries short-course triathletes. Stage 2 of the TRIPP framework high-
(e.g., abrasions, lacerations, and hematomas). 76 These findings lights the importance of understanding why injuries occur in
support similar observations seen in other long-course triathlon sport. 14 Triathletes are prone to experiencing injuries, with
reviews. 66,7779 Despite inconsistencies with injury surveil- 72% of a triathlete squad reporting an overuse injury,
lance and methodology, lower limb injuries and abrasions/ compared to 43% of the squad reporting traumatic injuries over
a 5-year surveillance period. 51 Identifying triathlon-specific
grazes occur frequently in long- and short-course triathletes.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPIt is critical to understand the impact of injuries in triath- injury mechanisms, activities, and risk factors is critical for effi-
letes for prioritization of targeted prevention programs. cient and effective implementation of targeted prevention strate-
Reporting injury incidence in isolation, without accurate gies.TaggedAPTARAEnd