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Shinghal and Bisnath  Satell Navig            (2021) 2:10                               Page 14 of 17


























              Fig. 15  Horizontal positioning error before and after implementing the C/N -based stochastic modeling and prediction for Xiaomi MI 8, DOY 325,
                                                              0
              2019


            Table 7  RMS and STandard Deviation (STD) deviation of horizontal positioning error and availability of solution before and after
            implementing C/N -based stochastic modeling and prediction for Xiaomi MI 8, DOY 325, 2019
                          0
            Scenario                                       Horizontal RMS (m)  Horizontal STD (m)  Solution availability
                              -based stochastic model      12.7              7.6               1995/2021 = 98.7%
            Before prediction and C/N 0
            Before prediction but after C/N -based stochastic model  8.0     5.1               2004/2021 = 99.2%
                                0
                            -based stochastic model         4.6              2.7               2021/2021 = 100%
            After Prediction and C/N 0
























              Fig. 16  Positioning error for SPP and PPP solutions, DOY 225, 2019




            possibly relates to the drift in the solution. Te phone   measurements were  processed in RTKLIB, around  8%
            does not consistently determine or update its position   of the measurements were rejected resulting in solution
            using GNSS and there was no connection to cell towers.   outages in the presented RTK solution than the pre-
            Te PPP solution is far smoother, continuous and follows   sented PPP solution as can be seen in Fig. 17.
            the reference track of the Piksi RTK solution. Ideally, over   Te internal solution has periodic deviations and
            short baselines, the RTK solution is better or as good as   higher positioning error as compared to the RTK and
            the PPP solution. However, when the smartphone raw   PPP solutions, as shown by the track in yellow. Te RMS
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