Page 134 - 摩擦学学报2025年第4期

第 45 卷 第 4 期 摩擦学学报（中英文） Vol 45 No 4
2025 年 4 月 Tribology Apr, 2025

DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2024045 CSTR: 32261.14.j.tribology.2024045
赵祥, 刘莹, 廖浩然. 非接触式机械密封动特性中的辅助密封研究进展[J]. 摩擦学学报（中英文）, 2025, 45(4): 622−636. ZHAO
Xiang, LIU Ying, LIAO Haoran. Secondary Seals in the Dynamic Characteristics of Non-Contact Mechanical Seals[J]. Tribology,
2025, 45(4): 622−636.

非接触式机械密封动特性中的辅助

密封研究进展

赵 祥, 刘 莹 , 廖浩然
*
(清华大学 高端装备界面科学与技术全国重点实验室，北京 100084)

摘 要: 非接触式机械密封的动特性关系着密封的安全稳定运行，辅助密封是影响密封系统动特性的关键因素之
一. 梳理和总结辅助密封的研究历程，有利于解决密封系统动特性问题. 本文中首先归纳总结了影响非接触式机械
密封动特性的辅助密封的关键参数. 随后，对辅助密封与密封插入件之间的接触、摩擦及其自身刚度阻尼等研究历
程和不足进行了梳理. 最后，总结归纳了以提高主密封追随性为目标的密封系统动特性方面辅助密封研究关键和
热点问题，为进一步开展相关研究提供了思路.
关键词: 辅助密封; 接触特性; 摩擦特性; 动特性; 机械密封
中图分类号: TH117.1 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2025)04–0622–15

Secondary Seals in the Dynamic Characteristics of

Non-Contact Mechanical Seals

*
ZHAO Xiang, LIU Ying , LIAO Haoran

(State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: The dynamic property of mechanical seals is the key to keep end faces non-contact, which have a considerable
impact on the safety and effectiveness of the system. The secondary seals, which are usually made of flexible elements,
mainly synthetic rubber O-rings, have a variety of nonlinear characteristics and take important roles in the dynamic
property of mechanical seals. Due to the lack of attention to the secondary seals, there are still many leakage problems
caused by the poor following abilities of them. Sorting and compiling the history of secondary seals will help to improve
the dynamic performance of the sealing system. This paper provided a summary of the main dynamic models of
mechanical seals to introduce the major variables influencing the dynamic features. The friction, stiffness and damping
were the main parameters. Contact, which was the basis of friction, was usually studied by semi-empirical models and
numerical simulation models. The combination of them was expected to obtain accurate contact pressure distributions.
The friction of secondary seals was influenced by the environment, materials, surface properties and so on. Because of
the viscoelasticity of rubber materials, the friction of the secondary seal had hysteresis nonlinearity, which was one of
the key causes of instability in the sealing system. In order to improve the following performance of the primary seal, the
key and recent subjects in the research on secondary seals in terms of dynamic characteristics were also compiled and
summarized. Experimental methods were the primary way for measuring stiffness and damping of secondary seals,
including the base excitation resonant mass (BERM) test method and the relaxation test method. The stiffness and

Received 27 February 2024, revised 26 April 2024, accepted 28 April 2024, available online 13 August 2024.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: liuying@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn, Tel: +86-13911524795.
This project was supported by Major National Research and Development Projects (2019-IV-0020-0088).
国家科技重大专项(2019-IV-0020-0088)资助.