Page 87 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第12期

第 45 卷 第 12 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 45, No. 12
2025 年 12 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Dec., 2025

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0502

孔隙坍塌行为对多孔材料冲击压缩特性的

影响理论分析 *

马路遥，张先锋，熊 玮，刘 闯，谈梦婷，邓宇轩，侯先苇

（南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏 南京 210094）

摘要： 多孔材料在冲击压缩过程中伴随着孔隙坍塌行为，本文中基于已有试验中所观测到的冲击波结构，对多孔
材料的冲击波形成过程及孔隙坍塌行为间的关系进行理论分析。首先，考虑多孔材料的压缩曲线特性和冲击波追赶
问题，提出了多孔材料的冲击波结构存在低压单波、双冲击波和高压单波等 3 种模式。进一步，结合 Wu-Jing 物态方程
发展了与不同冲击波模式相容的冲击压缩特性计算方法，得到了与单冲击波模式相容的冲击比容计算方程，可以无需
采取近似条件直接计算临界比容。此外，通过对弹性阶段与弹塑性阶段材料的孔隙度随压力的变化规律采取线性近
似，并考虑了多孔材料中基体材料受力与宏观应力之间的关系，修正了 Carroll 建立的孔隙坍塌关系方程。基于本文中
发展的考虑孔隙坍塌行为的冲击压缩特性计算模型，对材料的 Hugoniot 数据进行了计算，讨论了孔隙坍塌行为对多孔
材料冲击压缩特性的影响。结果表明，在较低压力下材料的冲击物态特性受孔隙坍塌行为的影响明显，模型能够更加
精确地预测多孔材料的冲击波参量。
关键词： 多孔材料；Wu-Jing 方程；冲击波结构；孔隙坍塌
中图分类号： O346.3 国标学科代码： 13015 文献标志码： A

Theoretical analysis of influence of pore collapse behavior on shock
compression characteristics of porous materials

MA Luyao, ZHANG Xianfeng, XIONG Wei, LIU Chuang, TAN Mengting, DENG Yuxuan, HOU Xianwei
（School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China）

Abstract: Porous materials exhibit pore collapse behavior during impact compression. Based on the shock wave structure
observed in experiments carried out by predecessors, a theoretical analysis of the relationship between the shock wave
formation process and the pore collapse behavior of porous materials is conducted. Firstly, considering the compression curve
characteristics of porous materials and the overtaking of shock waves, it is proposed that the shock wave structure of porous
materials has three modes: low-pressure single wave mode, double shock wave mode, and high-pressure single wave mode.
These different shock wave modes are mainly caused by the influence of elastic-plastic mechanical behavior in pore collapse
on the compression curve of porous materials. Furthermore, combined with the Wu-Jing equation of state, the calculation
method of shock compression characteristics compatible with different shock wave modes is developed. The relationship
between the Hugoniot curve of porous material and dense material is established, and the calculation equation of impact
specific volume compatible with single shock wave mode is obtained, which can directly calculate the critical specific volume
without approximate conditions. In addition, the equation of pore collapse established by Carroll is modified by taking the
linear approximation of the variation of porosity with pressure in the elastic stage and the elastic-plastic stage and considering

* 收稿日期： 2024-12-25；修回日期： 2025-03-05
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（12141202，12202205）
第一作者： 马路遥（2001－ ），男，博士研究生，3501093819@qq.com
通信作者： 张先锋（1978－ ），男，博士，教授，lynx@njust.edu.cn

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