Page 99 - 《真空与低温》2025年第5期
P. 99
真空与低温 第 31 卷 第 5 期
638 Vacuum and Cryogenics 2025 年 9 月
惯 性 传 感 器 电 容 误 差 仿 真 及 影 响 分 析
王凯民,雷军刚,王佐磊,席东学,张文艳
(兰州空间技术物理研究所,兰州 730000)
摘要:惯性传感器是空间引力波探测的重要载荷,在惯性传感器中,精密差分电容测量是十分重要的技术。
当前,质量块处于中间位置时的差分电容通常依据理想平板电容公式进行计算,然而 Brandt 等指出,如此计算所
得的电容理论值与实际电容值存在较大偏差,这一误差可能会对静电力大小产生影响,进而干扰惯性传感器对引
力波的探测。目前,国内尚未有专项研究表明惯性传感器中电容理论值与实际值之间是否存在误差,以及该误差
对静电力大小的具体影响。因此,围绕电容实际值与理论值的误差的大小与产生原因、该误差如何通过反馈电路
传输、该误差怎样影响静电力这三个方面,借助 Creo Parametric 2.0 进行建模,并运用 COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 开
展多物理场仿真分析。首先,构建多种结构的惯性传感器模型,并对不同模型分别实施电容仿真分析,分别得到
电容仿真值。通过对比电容仿真值,剖析误差产生的原因,并通过实验对仿真结果加以验证。在电容仿真值方面,
与 Brandt 等得出了一致的结果,即电容仿真值比电容理论值约大 10%。其次,首次深入分析了电容仿真值经反馈
控制电路后对反馈电压的影响,发现这一误差会使反馈电压增大 10% 左右。最后,对 Brandt 等提出的静电力修正
公式进行解释与验证。计算结果表明,静电力修正值与仿真得到的静电力值误差仅约为 2%。相较于原有公式
20% 的误差,静电力修正式所计算出的静电力与静电力仿真值更为接近。由此可见,正确运用静电力修正式能够
显著提高静电力的计算精度。
关键词:惯性传感器;Creo 建模;COMSOL 多物理场仿真;电容误差;静电力分析
中图分类号:TB71 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006−7086(2025)05−0638−13
DOI:10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2025.05.013
Simulation Analysis of Capacitance Error in Inertial Sensors
WANG Kaimin,LEI Jungang,WANG Zuolei,XI Dongxue,ZHANG Wenyan
(Lanzhou Institute of Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China)
Abstract:Inertial sensors are important payloads for detecting gravitational waves in space,and precise differential ca-
pacitance measurement is an important technology in inertial sensors. Currently,the differential capacitance of the mass block
in the middle position is usually calculated based on the ideal plate capacitance formula. However,Nico Brandt et al. pointed
out that there is a significant deviation between the theoretical and actual capacitance values obtained from this calculation,
which may affect the magnitude of electrostatic forces and interfere with the detection of gravitational waves by inertial sen-
sors. At present,there is no specialized research in China that indicates whether there is an error between the theoretical and
actual values of capacitance in inertial sensors,and the specific impact of this error on the magnitude of electrostatic force.
Therefore,this article focuses on three aspects: the magnitude and causes of the error between the actual and theoretical val-
ues of capacitors,how this error is transmitted through feedback circuits,and how it affects electrostatic forces. Creo Para-
metric 2.0 is used for modeling,and COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 is used for multi physics field simulation analysis. Firstly,
construct inertial sensor models with multiple structures and conduct capacitance simulation analysis on different models sep-
arately. By comparing the capacitance simulation values of different models,analyzing the causes of errors,and verifying the
simulation results through experiments. In terms of capacitance simulation values,this article has obtained consistent results
with Nico Brandt et al.,that is,the capacitance simulation values are about 10% larger than the theoretical capacitance values.
Secondly,this article provides the first in-depth analysis of the impact of capacitor simulation values on feedback voltage af-
收稿日期:2024−12−16
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2202401)
作者简介:王凯民,硕士研究生。E-mail:13086897001@163.com

