Page 125 - 《中国药科大学学报》2026年第1期

第 57 卷第 1 期 余怡虹，等：黄蜀葵花及其黄酮类活性成分治疗糖尿病肾病的作用及机制 119

的核心功效成分的确定仍存争议。Zhao 等 [19] 的研 Phytother Res, 2021, 35(1): 198-206.
究将含量最高的棉皮苷确定为黄蜀葵花中最有效 [4] Li P, Lin HL, Ni ZH, et al. Efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus
manihot for IgA nephropathy: a multicenter randomized clini-
的成分，而 Zhou 等 [48] 指出金丝桃苷在抗蛋白尿中
cal trial[J]. Phytomedicine, 2020, 76: 153231.
起主要作用。同时，黄酮类成分间的配伍研究尚处 [5] Zhang L, Li P, Xing CY, et al. Efficacy and safety of Abel-
探索阶段：体内实验显示金丝桃苷与槲皮素等比例 moschus manihot for primary glomerular disease: a prospective,
配伍可有效减轻肾纤维化及晶体沉积，但每日给药 multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. Am J Kidney
Dis, 2014, 64(1): 57-65.
剂量（0.1 ~ 20 mg/kg）存在显著差异 [49−50] 。目前临床
[6] Feng Z, Deduo X, Xiaoqian Z, et al. A combined analytical
应用最广泛的黄蜀葵花制剂“黄葵胶囊”以及“黄葵
method for analyzing the chemical composition of Huangkui
总黄酮”，其中“黄葵总黄酮”中，各黄酮类化合物的 capsules: CN116773682A[P]. 2023-03-09[2023-09-19].
质量分数分别为：棉皮苷 10%，金丝桃苷 3.0%~20%， [7] Shihan G, Chang L, Xiaotong Y, et al. Research progress in
异槲皮素 2.0%~3.9%，杨梅素 0.2%~6.0% 槲皮素 3- chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Abel-
moschi Corolla and prediction of its quality markers[J]. China J
O-β-D-葡萄糖苷 1%~20%，槲皮素 0.1%~10%，芦丁
Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), 2025, 50(4): 908-21.
0.1%~0.5%，考虑到个别黄酮如杨梅素等成分的独 [8] Guo JM, Lu YW, Shang EX, et al. Metabolite identification
特作用，现有的配伍方案仍存在优化空间。 strategy of non-targeted metabolomics and its application for
临床研究表明，黄蜀葵花与多类西药联用可产 the identification of components in Chinese multicomponent
medicine Abelmoschus manihot L[J]. Phytomedicine, 2015,
生协同增效作用。联合 ARB 类药物（氯沙坦钾）降
22(5): 579-587.
低了约 1 600 名患者的尿蛋白水平 ；联用他汀类
[51]
[9] Guo JM, Xue CF, Duan JN, et al. Anticonvulsant, antidepres-
药物显著改善患者的血脂状况和肾功能损伤指 sant-like activity of Abelmoschus manihot ethanol extract and
标 ；与达格列净联用可维持 GFR 稳定 。此外， its potential active components in vivo[J]. Phytomedicine, 2011,
[52]
[53]
与雷公藤多苷等中药联用亦在早期肾病中显示协 18(14): 1250-1254.
[10] Yang J, Qian DW, Jiang S, et al. Identification of rutin deglyco-
同疗效 。尽管上述联用方案已取得突破性进展，
[54]
sylated metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria us-
但黄蜀葵花自身复杂成分体系的药效交互作用仍 ing UPLC-Q-TOF/MS[J]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol
需深入研究。药效学分析表明，含 7 种黄酮类化合 Biomed Life Sci, 2012, 898: 95-100.
物的总黄酮是黄蜀葵花的核心活性成分，但占比 [11] Diao ZP, Yu HM, Wu YP, et al. Identification of the main
70% 的非黄酮类成分（糖类、氨基酸等）可能通过干 flavonoids of Abelmoschus manihot (L. ) medik and their
metabolites in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy[J]. Front
[55]
扰黄酮类成分的代谢影响整体药效 。为解决此矛
Pharmacol, 2024, 14: 1290868.
盾，采用精制工艺从黄蜀葵花中提取的黄葵总黄酮 [12] Guo JM, Du LY, Shang EX, et al. Conjugated metabolites rep-
可显著提升黄酮类成分的血药浓度，同时通过消除 resent the major circulating forms of Abelmoschus manihot in
非目标成分对代谢的干扰以增强治疗效果 。综上 vivo and show an altered pharmacokinetic profile in renal
[11]
pathology[J]. Pharm Biol, 2016, 54(4): 595-603.
所述，黄蜀葵花黄酮类活性成分在 DN 治疗中具有
[13] Chen S, Wu D, Zhang W, et al. Effects of different compatibili-
广阔的应用前景。未来研究应进一步深入探讨其
ties of Wuzi Yanzong Pill on the absorption and distribution of
药效交互作用机制，优化精制工艺，以提高临床疗 hyperoside in rats[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med(中国中西
效，为 DN 患者提供更有效的治疗方案。 医结合杂志), 2021, 41(1): 79-85.
[14] Sagoo MK, Gnudi L. Diabetic nephropathy: an overview[J].
Methods Mol Biol, 2020, 2067: 3-7.
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