Page 215 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第11期
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第 38 卷第 11 期                      振 动 工 程 学 报                                      Vol. 38 No. 11
               2025 年  11 月                    Journal of Vibration Engineering                       Nov. 2025



                  基   于   叶    尖   定   时   的    低   转   速   动   叶    片   裂   纹   在   线    识   别   方   法



                                 杨斯骞 , 段礼祥 , 张继旺 , 何仁洋 , 王荣仁                             1,3
                                          1,2
                                                                             1,3
                                                                 1,3
                                                      2
                       (1. 中国特种设备检测研究院,北京 100029; 2. 中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249;
                               3. 国家市场监督管理总局技术创新中心(油气管道与储存设备安全),北京 100029)

              摘要:针对矿用通风机等低转速(低于叶片              1 阶频率)透平设备动叶片裂纹在线识别难题,本文提出了一种基于叶尖定时原理
              与叶尖偏移量的裂纹在线识别方法。采用理论建模和有限元仿真分析了不同转速、不同裂纹状态下,动叶片的动态形变特
              性,建立了叶尖偏移量与叶片状态间的关系。构建了动叶片叶尖偏移量在线测取值与离线标定值对比的裂纹识别策略。设
              计搭建了叶尖定时原理的动叶片裂纹测试试验台,并选择在                     500~3000 r/min 的范围内,进行了  45 组不同位置(叶尖、叶中和叶
              根)、不同长度裂纹(最小裂纹长度为            1/10 叶宽)的测试试验,3 mm    级及以上尺寸裂纹识别准确率达到             100%,裂纹长度识别误
              差小于   5.33%,结果表明所提方法可为低转速动叶片裂纹在线识别提供有效解决方案。
              关键词: 动叶片;叶尖定时;裂纹识别;低转速;叶尖偏移量
                             +
              中图分类号:TH165 .3;TD441        文献标志码:A        DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202508004


                         Online identification method for cracks in low-speed rotating blades
                                              based on tip-timing technique

                                                                                1,3
                                                                    1,3
                                       1,2
                                                     2
                            YANG Siqian ,DUAN Lixiang ,ZHANG Jiwang ,HE Renyang ,WANG Rongren   1,3
                                (1.China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,Beijing 100029,China;
                           2.School of Safety and Ocean Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;
                                3.Technology Innovation Center of Oil and Gas Pipeline and Storage Equipment Safety,
                                      State Administration for Market Regulation,Beijing 100029,China)
              Abstract: Aiming  at  the  problem  of  online  identification  of  cracks  in  the  moving  blades  of  low-speed  turbomachinery, such  as  mine
              ventilation  fans  (below  the  first-order  frequency  of  the  blades), a  recognition  method  based  on  tip  timing  vibration  measurement  and  tip
              displacement  is  proposed.  The  dynamic  deformation  characteristics  of  the  moving  blades  under  different  speeds  and  crack  conditions  were
              analyzed  through  theoretical  modeling  and  finite  element  simulations, and  the  relationship  between  the  tip  offset  and  the  blade  state  was
              established. A crack identification strategy was constructed by comparing the online measured values of the tip offset of the moving blades with
              the offline calibrated values. A test bench for the crack test of the moving blade based on the tip timing principle was designed and built,and
              45 groups of tests with different crack positions (blade tip,blade middle,and blade root) and different crack lengths (the minimum crack
              length is 1/10 of the blade width) were carried out in the range of 500~3000 r/min. The recognition accuracy of cracks with a size of 3 mm or
              more reached 100%,and the crack length recognition error was less than 5.33% under the condition of having prior knowledge of the crack
              location. The test results show that the proposed method can provide an effective solution for the online identification of cracks in low-speed
              moving blades.
              Keywords:rotating blades;tip-timing;crack identification;low rotational speed;blade tip offset


                  旋转叶片作为透平设备如矿用通风机、烟气轮                          行识别具有重要的现实意义,但其特殊的结构与恶
              机等的核心部件,其结构完整性对设备效率与安全                            劣的运行工况导致状态数据测取难,裂纹识别难 。
                                                                                                           [1]
              至关重要。然而,长期处于粉尘、腐蚀及交变载荷                                针对此难题,近年来发展了叶尖定时监测与叶
              等复杂工况下,叶片极易萌生裂纹甚至断裂,对透平                           片模态参数变化的裂纹识别方法:通过监测叶片裂
                                                                                                            [2]
              设备的安全运行造成威胁。因此,对动叶片裂纹进                            纹引发的模态频率偏移,实现对裂纹的有效识别 。


                  收稿日期:2025-08-03;修订日期:2025-10-15
                  基金项目:中 国 特 检 院 重 点 项 目 ( 2025  重 点  02) ; 青 年 科 技 英 才 项 目 ( KJYC-2025-04) ; 内 蒙 古 自 然 科 学 基 金 资 助 项 目
                          (2024LHMS05006)
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