Page 16 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第11期
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第 38 卷第 11 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 38 No. 11
2025 年 11 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Nov. 2025
车 载 数 据 驱 动 下 重 载 列 车 纵 向 力 实 时 预 测 方 法
熊 芯 , 何 闻 , 常崇义 , 张天婴 1
1
2
2
(1. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京 100081;
2. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京 100081)
摘要:为实现兼顾计算精度与速度的列车纵向力实时预测,本文建立基于车载与试验数据的重载列车纵向力实时计算精确方
法,其中机车牵引力/电制力通过车载监测数据更新,列车基本运行阻力系数实现针对性自适应调整,进一步比选空气制动系
统的经验模型与流体模型,同时建立高精度平衡迭代法以求解列车纵向动力学方程。为提高计算效率,建立使用 Duhamel 积
分求解振动响应的列车纵向力简化计算方法。以重载列车−9‰~−12‰典型长大下坡区段为算例,精确方法在列车运行速度
计算中的最大误差为 3.72 km/h,并对缓冲器相对位移变化趋势、量级水平和关键冲击有较好的预测效果;简化方法在一些列
车 操 纵 工 况 比 较 稳 定 的 区 段 可 以 达 到 与 精 确 方 法 相 近 的 车 钩 力 误 差 概 率 分 布, 即 误 差 约 有 68% 的 概 率 小 于 64.6 kN,
有 95% 的概率小于 129.2 kN,有 99.7% 的概率小于 193.8 kN。简化方法由于对缓冲器特性等的线性化考虑,对列车操纵工况
转换时的短时剧烈纵向冲击模拟较差。
关键词: 重载列车;纵向动力学;车载数据;纵向力预测;仿真结果评价
中图分类号:U270.1 文献标志码:A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202506045
Real-time prediction method of longitudinal forces in heavy-haul trains driven
by vehicle-carried data
2
2
1
XIONG Xin ,HE Wen ,CHANG Chongyi ,ZHANG Tianying 1
(1.Locomotive and Rolling Stock Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co., Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;
2.Railway Science & Technology Research & Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co., Ltd.,
Beijing 100081,China)
Abstract:To achieve real-time prediction of train longitudinal forces with a balance between computational accuracy and speed,this study
develops a real-time and accurate calculation method for heavy-haul trains longitudinal force based on onboard monitoring data and
experimental data. The locomotive traction and electric braking forces are updated using onboard data, and the basic running resistance
coefficients of the train are adaptively adjusted. Furthermore,the empirical model and fluid models of the air braking system are compared,
and a high-precision equilibrium iteration method is established to solve the longitudinal dynamic equation of the train. To further improve
computational efficiency,a simplified calculation method for train longitudinal forces is developed, in which the vibration response is solved
using the Duhamel integral. Taking the example of heavy haul train passing through the typical long heavy down grade from –9‰~–12‰,the
precise method shows a maximum error of 3.72 km/h in predicting the train operating speed,and achieves good agreement with respect to the
relative displacement trend, magnitude, and key impact responses of the buffer. The simplified method yields a coupler force error
distribution similar to that of the precise method in sections where the train operation is relatively stable,with approximately 68% of the errors
less than 64.6 kN,95% less than 129.2 kN,and 99.7% less than 193.8 kN. However, due to the linearized treatment of buffer characteristics
and related parameters, the simplified method performs poorly in simulating short-term severe longitudinal impacts during transitions in train
operating conditions.
Keywords:heavy-haul train;longitudinal dynamics;vehicle-carried data;longitudinal force prediction;evaluation of simulation results
随着 3 万吨重载列车逐渐运行,中国重载运输 的不断提高,列车编组长度增大,重载组合列车的操纵
[1]
进入了全新的发展阶段。但由于重载列车运输吨位 难度进一步加大,列车纵向力变化更为复杂 。司机
收稿日期:2025-06-20;修订日期:2025-08-29
基金项目:中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2024J002);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研开发
基金资助项目(2024YJ217)

