Page 59 - 《振动工程学报》2025年第8期
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第 38 卷第 8 期                       振  动  工  程  学  报                                  Vol. 38 No. 8
               2025 年 8 月                      Journal of Vibration Engineering                       Aug. 2025



                一种机器人铣削颤振抑制用磁流变弹性体吸振器的

                                                设计与试验研究



                             刘    鹏 , 李       波 , 赵      威 , 崔光裕 , 田             威 , 廖文和       1
                                                                                    1
                                                 1
                                                                        2
                                                             1
                                     1
                         (1. 南京航空航天大学机电学院, 江苏 南京 210016; 2. 上海宇航系统工程研究所, 上海 201109)
              摘要: 为了解决工业机器人铣削加工过程中的低频颤振问题,设计了一种用于抑制振动的磁流变弹性体(magnetorheological
              elastomer,MRE)吸振器。利用 MRE 特有的流变特性,研究了不同质量配比的 MRE 磁流变效应,通过理论计算和数值仿真确
              定了吸振器内部的线圈匝数及所通电流大小。通过模态仿真和振动台扫频激励试验发现,设计的 MRE 吸振器具有 17.35~
              45.21 Hz 范围内的移频特性。建立了吸振器固有频率‑电流映射关系,在 KUKA KR500 机器人铣削加工过程中进行了试验验
              证。结果表明,在低转速加工条件下机器人容易在其低阶固有频率处发生颤振,通过 MRE 吸振器实现了颤振抑制。相对于不
              加吸振器的工况,通电调频后机器人主轴 X 方向上的振动加速度峰峰值降低了 70.7%,均方根值降低了 64.7%;Y 方向峰峰值
              降低了 54.7%,均方根值降低了 49.9%。此外,铣削工件的表面加工质量也有明显改善。
              关键词: 工业机器人; MRE 吸振器; 机器人铣削加工; 颤振抑制
              中图分类号:  TP242.2    文献标志码: A    DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004‑4523.202308003


                       Design and experimental study of a magnetorheological elastomer
                          vibration absorber for chatter suppression in robotic milling


                                     1
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                                                                      2
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                            LIU Peng , LI Bo , ZHAO Wei , CUI Guangyu , TIAN Wei , LIAO Wenhe   1
                      (1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
                           Nanjing 210016, China; 2.Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai, Shanghai 201109, China)
              Abstract:  A  magnetorheological  elastomer (MRE)  vibration  absorber  is  designed  to  suppress  the  vibration  of  industrial  robotic
              milling in order to solve the low frequency chatter problem. The magnetorheological effect of MRE with different mass ratio is stud‑
              ied by using the unique rheological characteristics of MRE. The number of turns of coil and the current in the absorber are deter‑
              mined by theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. It is found that the designed MRE absorber has frequency shift character‑
              istics in the range of 17.35~45.21 Hz through modal simulation and shaking table sweeping excitation experiment. The mapping re‑
              lationship between natural frequency of absorber and current is established, which is verified by experiments in the milling process
              of KUKA KR500 robot. The results show that the robot is prone to chatter at its low order natural frequency under low rotational
              speed machining conditions, and the chatter suppression of the robot is realized by MRE absorber. Compared with the condition
              without vibration absorber, the peak-to-peak value of the vibration acceleration in the X direction of the robot spindle is reduced by
              70.7%, and the root-mean-square value is reduced by 64.7% after being electrified. The peak-to-peak value in the Y direction is de‑
              creased by 54.7%, and the root-mean-square value is decreased by 49.9%. In addition, the machining surface quality of workpiec‑
              es after milling has also been significantly improved.

              Keywords: industrial robot; MRE vibration absorber; robotic milling; chatter suppression


                  近年来,工业机器人因其柔性化程度高、工作范                         加工过程中,由于本身结构的弱刚性导致的颤振以
              围广、易于实现自动化与智能化加工,且较机床有更                           及不平滑的加工轨迹引发的振动会很大程度上影响
              好的加工适应性,越来越多地被应用于汽车、船舶、                           工件的加工质量和加工精度             [4‑6] 。
              航空航天等高端制造领域            [1‑3] 。然而,在机器人机械                为减小机器人作业过程中的振动,人们对振动

                  收稿日期: 2022‑08‑02; 修订日期: 2023‑10‑18
                  基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52005254,52075256,U22A20204);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目
                         (NT2022016)
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