Page 36 - 《渔业研究》2025年第3期

第 3 期 姚海燕等： 两种工况对人工湿地模型微生物群落结构及脱氮除磷的影响 293

Impact of two operational conditions on microbial community structure and
nitrogen-phosphorus removal efficiency in a constructed wetland model

1
1
YAO Haiyan ，MIAO Fan ，LIN Gang 1,2*
(1. College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China;
2. Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Fuzhou 350117, China)

Abstract: [Objective] Constructed wetland systems represent a sophisticated ecological approach to wastewa-
ter treatment, where plants, substrates, and microorganisms interact through intricate physical, chemical, and
biological processes. Among these components, microorganisms play a pivotal role, particularly in the removal
of nitrogen and phosphorus, which are key pollutants in wastewater. This study aims to investigate the impact
of different working conditions on the microbial community structure within a constructed wetland model.
[Methods] To achieve this objective, the study constructed a wetland system and analyzed the bacterial com-
munity structure under three distinct conditions: before pre-tests (J1), horizontal subsurface flow (J2), and tidal
flow (J3). These conditions were designed to simulate various real-world scenarios that constructed wetlands
might encounter, thereby providing insights into how different flow patterns and initial conditions affect micro-
bial communities. [Results] At the phylum level, the analysis revealed that Proteobacteria dominated the bac-
terial community across all tested conditions, highlighting its ubiquitous presence and potential importance in
wetland ecosystems. However, the composition of other bacterial phyla varied significantly between the condi-
tions. Specifically, in the tidal flow condition (J3), the abundance of Cyanobacteria, Verrucobacteria, Bacteroid-
ota, Nitrospirota, Actinobacteriota, Planctomycetota, and Chloroflexi increased compared to the horizontal sub-
surface flow condition (J2). Conversely, the abundance of Firmicutes and Patescibacteria decreased in J3. At the
genus level, the dominant bacteria in the initial group (J1) samples were Lacunisphaera, Kapabacteriales, and
Novosphingobium. In contrast, Bacillus emerged as the predominant genus in both J2 and J3 samples. Com-
pared with J2, Luteolibacter, Neochlamydia, Flavobacterium and Novosphingobium were the dominant bacteria
in J3 system, and the relative abundance of Nitrospira increased from 3.94% to 5.56%, becoming the second
dominant bacteria in wetlands. [Conclusion] The reoxygenation capacity of J3 condition improved the dis-
solved oxygen (DO) content in the wetland, and the bacteria that removed nitrogen and organic matter in-
creased in the dominant bacteria. The total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of J3 condition increased by 92.67%
−
compared with J2 condition. In addition, nitrite nitrogen ( NO -N) in J3 condition did not enrich during the ex-
2
periment and remained at a low level (<0.01 mg/L), indicating that the nitrification reaction in the wetland was
good. A good bacterial community of nitrogen and phosphorus removal has been established in the wetland. The
results of the study could provide scientific basis for the construction of constructed wetland systems.
Key words: constructed wetland systems; horizontal subsurface flow condition; tidal flow condition; microbial
community structure