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TaggedAPTARAEnd216 J. Tarp et al.
Table 1
TaggedAPTARACaptionDescriptive characteristics. TaggedAPTARAEnd
No leisure-time Leisure-time PA Leisure-time PA at Leisure-time PA above
Cohorts and characteristicsTaggedAPTARAEnd
PATaggedAPTARAEnd below recommendationTaggedAPTARAEnd recommendationTaggedAPTARAEnd recommendationTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARATbody
UK Biobank (n = 14,913)TaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
WomenTaggedAPTARAEnd 1391 (47.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 5775 (41.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2956 (37.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 4791 (29.2)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Age (year)TaggedAPTARAEnd 58.2 § 7.3TaggedAPTARAEnd 59.1 § 7.3TaggedAPTARAEnd 59.7 § 7.2TaggedAPTARAEnd 60.3 § 7.1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
2
Body mass index (kg/m )TaggedAPTARAEnd 33.3 § 6.6TaggedAPTARAEnd 31.6 § 5.7TaggedAPTARAEnd 30.6 § 5.3TaggedAPTARAEnd 29.9 § 5.0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
LTPA (MET-h/week)TaggedAPTARAEnd 0.0 § 0.0TaggedAPTARAEnd 3.2 § 2.1TaggedAPTARAEnd 10.8 § 2.1TaggedAPTARAEnd 36.8 § 26.7TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Participation in sportsTaggedAPTARAEnd 0 (0.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 36 (0.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 93 (3.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 594 (12.4)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Duration of diabetes (year)TaggedAPTARAEnd 5.4 § 7.2TaggedAPTARAEnd 5.1 § 6.6TaggedAPTARAEnd 5.1 § 6.7TaggedAPTARAEnd 5.4 § 7.1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
EducationTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
No qualiﬁcationsTaggedAPTARAEnd 392 (28.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1278 (22.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 542 (18.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 901 (18.8)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Other qualiﬁcations than college/university degreeTaggedAPTARAEnd 691 (49.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2986 (51.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1471 (49.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2418 (50.5)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
College/university degreeTaggedAPTARAEnd 308 (22.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1511 (26.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 943 (31.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1472 (30.7)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Townsend indexTaggedAPTARAEnd 0.4 § 3.5TaggedAPTARAEnd 0.7 § 3.3TaggedAPTARAEnd 1.1 § 3.1TaggedAPTARAEnd 1.4 § 3.0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
SmokingTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
NeverTaggedAPTARAEnd 685 (49.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2885 (50.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1498 (50.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2255 (47.1)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
FormerTaggedAPTARAEnd 514 (37.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2273 (39.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1203 (40.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2120 (44.2)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
CurrentTaggedAPTARAEnd 192 (13.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 617 (10.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 255 (8.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 416 (8.7)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Family history of CVD, cancer, or diabetes (yes)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1194 (85.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 4910 (85.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2520 (85.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 4069 (84.9)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Statins (yes)TaggedAPTARAEnd 881 (63.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 3649 (63.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1934 (65.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 3067 (64.0)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Use of blood pressure-lowering drugsTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
0TaggedAPTARAEnd 718 (51.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 3303 (57.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1738 (58.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2932 (61.2)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
1TaggedAPTARAEnd 366 (26.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1393 (24.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 689 (23.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1097 (22.9)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
2TaggedAPTARAEnd 223 (16.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 814 (14.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 418 (14.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 554 (11.6)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
3 or moreTaggedAPTARAEnd 84 (6.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 265 (4.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 111 (3.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 208 (4.3)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
a
Doctor diagnosis or on treatment for type 2 diabetes (yes) TaggedAPTARAEnd 1101 (79.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 4578 (79.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2405 (81.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 3921 (81.8)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
b
Use of blood glucose-lowering drugs TaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
NoneTaggedAPTARAEnd 270 (24.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1263 (27.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 801 (33.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1316 (33.6)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Insulin onlyTaggedAPTARAEnd 53 (4.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 190 (4.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 115 (4.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 204 (5.2)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Non-insulin onlyTaggedAPTARAEnd 683 (62.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2756 (60.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1330 (55.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2136 (54.5)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Insulin and non-insulinTaggedAPTARAEnd 95 (8.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 369 (8.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 159 (6.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 265 (6.8)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
China Kadoorie Biobank (n = 17,457)TaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
WomenTaggedAPTARAEnd 9523 (61.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 616 (53.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1186 (54.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 6132 (60.3)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Age (year)TaggedAPTARAEnd 55.4 § 9.7TaggedAPTARAEnd 56.8 § 9.6TaggedAPTARAEnd 58.7 § 9.4TaggedAPTARAEnd 61.2 § 8.4TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
2
Body mass index (kg/m )TaggedAPTARAEnd 25.5 § 3.5TaggedAPTARAEnd 25.5 § 3.3TaggedAPTARAEnd 25.3 § 3.2TaggedAPTARAEnd 25.3 § 3.2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
LTPA (MET-h/week)TaggedAPTARAEnd 0.0 § 0.0TaggedAPTARAEnd 5.3 § 1.6TaggedAPTARAEnd 11.7 § 1.8TaggedAPTARAEnd 35.9 § 19.2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
c
Participation in heavy PA/exercise TaggedAPTARAEnd 1002 (10.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 53 (8.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 147 (12.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 803 (13.1)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Duration of diabetes (year)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2.6 § 4.2TaggedAPTARAEnd 3.5 § 4.9TaggedAPTARAEnd 3.5 § 4.7TaggedAPTARAEnd 4.2 § 5.3TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
EducationTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
No school or primary schoolTaggedAPTARAEnd 4831 (50.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 230 (37.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 449 (37.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2327 (37.9)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Middle schoolTaggedAPTARAEnd 2609 (27.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 201 (32.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 366 (30.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1849 (30.2)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
High school or higherTaggedAPTARAEnd 2083 (21.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 185 (30.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 371 (31.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1956 (31.9)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
SmokingTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
NeverTaggedAPTARAEnd 6179 (64.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 338 (54.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 707 (59.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 4078 (66.5)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
OccasionalTaggedAPTARAEnd 431 (4.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 37 (6.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 75 (6.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 341 (5.6)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
FormerTaggedAPTARAEnd 637 (6.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 64 (10.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 129 (10.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 696 (11.4)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
CurrentTaggedAPTARAEnd 2276 (23.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 177 (28.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 275 (23.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1017 (16.6)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Family history of CVD, cancer, or diabetes (yes)TaggedAPTARAEnd 4524 (47.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 319 (51.8)TaggedAPTARAEnd 617 (52.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2952 (48.1)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Statins (yes)TaggedAPTARAEnd 44 (0.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2 (0.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 6 (0.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 20 (0.3)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Use of blood pressure-lowering drugsTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
0TaggedAPTARAEnd 8662 (91.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 550 (89.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1055 (89.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 5243 (85.5)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
1TaggedAPTARAEnd 753 (7.9)TaggedAPTARAEnd 56 (9.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 119 (10.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 784 (12.8)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
2 or moreTaggedAPTARAEnd 108 (1.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 10 (1.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 12 (1.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 105 (1.7)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
a
Doctor diagnosis or on treatment for type 2 diabetes (yes) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4379 (46.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 337 (54.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 701 (59.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 3810 (62.1)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
b
Use of blood glucose-lowering drugs TaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd
NoneTaggedAPTARAEnd 1637 (37.4)TaggedAPTARAEnd 118 (35.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 243 (34.7)TaggedAPTARAEnd 1293 (33.9)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Insulin onlyTaggedAPTARAEnd 360 (8.2)TaggedAPTARAEnd 42 (12.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 72 (10.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 423 (11.1)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Chlorpropamide or metformin onlyTaggedAPTARAEnd 2282 (52.1)TaggedAPTARAEnd 167 (49.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 375 (53.5)TaggedAPTARAEnd 2014 (52.9)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Insulin and chlorpropamide or metforminTaggedAPTARAEnd 100 (2.3)TaggedAPTARAEnd 10 (3.0)TaggedAPTARAEnd 11 (1.6)TaggedAPTARAEnd 80 (2.1)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Notes: Data are presented as n (%) or mean § SD. Categories of leisure-time PA deﬁned as: none (0 MET-h/week), below recommendation (>07.49 MET-h/
week), at recommendation (7.514.9 MET-h/week), and above recommendation (15 MET-h/week). Percentages add up not to 100% due to rounding.TaggedAPTARAEnd
a 19
Individuals with type 2 diabetes identiﬁed from self-report or use of glucose-lowering drugs (Eastwood et al., UK Biobank) or from self-reported diagnosis of
diabetes from a doctor (China Kadoorie Biobank).
b
Individuals identiﬁed with type 2 diabetes solely from measured HbA1c (UK Biobank) or random blood glucose (China Kadoorie Biobank) are not included in
the denominator.
c
Includes activities during work, transportation, domestic, and leisure activities.
Abbreviations: CVD = cardiovascular disease; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LTPA = leisure-time physical activity; MET = metabolic equivalent; PA = physical
activity.TaggedAPTARAEnd

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99