Page 14 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAEnd136 M. Rodriguez-Ayllon et al.
sample size. Wherever correlation values were not provided the majority implemented 60-min exercise sessions between 3
but studies met the inclusion criteria, correlation coefficients and 5 times per week. Only 3 studies reported data on interven-
were calculated using the available data according to the analy- tion adherence, 1416 which ranged from 69% 15 to 90%. 16 Most
sis presented using esc package 0.5.1 (Daniel L€ udecke, studies did not specify the control group criteria. 17,3234 In the
University Medical Center Hamburg, Germany). Heteroge- studies whose criteria were described, participants from the
neity was assessed using the Q statistic (with p < 0.10 control group continued their usual routines, 15 received educa-
suggesting statistically significant heterogeneity). A posteriori tional sessions, 14 or participated in an active control group (e.g.,
moderator analysis was performed. Specifically, a mixed- stretching and balance exercises). 13,16,36,31 Lastly, 3 studies
effects model was fitted to examine the moderators described measured Ab in the brain by PET, 13,14,36 1 study measured Ab
15
below as potential sources of variance. Separate models were in CSF by lumbar puncture, and 7 studies measured Ab in the
fitted to determine the main effects for population characteris- blood (i.e., 4 in plasma, 16,31,33,34 2inserum, 17,35 and 1 study did
32
tics (cognitively normal vs. cognitively impaired). The analy- not specify plasma or serum ).TaggedAPTARAEnd
sis of main effects was interpreted using the 95% confidence
interval (95%CI) for the point estimates of each level of a TaggedAPTARAH23.3. Study characteristics of the observational studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd
moderator and the statistical significance of the omnibus test.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAP3.3.1. Longitudinal studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPFunnel plots of the ES against the standard error of the ES 37 38
TaggedAPTARAPSample sizes ranged from 65 to 515, and participants
were visually inspected for small-sample bias, and Egger’s test 38
were aged up to 94 years (Supplementary Table 3). Two
values with 95%CI for funnel plot asymmetry were calcu- 38,39
2830 studies included cognitively normal individuals; another 2
lated. To run the Egger’s test, the random-effects model 37,40
included cognitively impaired participants. Physical
was modified to include the standard error of the effect size as
activity was assessed by validated self-reported ques-
a moderator. Small-sample bias was considered to be present 3739 40
tionnaires or through an interview. No studies assessed
when the funnel plot appeared asymmetrical and the intercept
physical activity with objective measures (e.g., accelerom-
of the Egger’s test was significantly different from zero etry). Regarding the outcome, 1 study assessed brain Ab
(p < 0.10). 28,29 TaggedAPTARAEnd 37
levels with carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B PET,
1assessedCSF Ab with an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)
TaggedAPTARAH22.6. Data sharing statementTaggedAPTARAEnd 40
kit (Fujirebio (formerly Innogenetics), Ghent, Belgium),
TaggedAPTARAPThe data that support the findings of this study are available and 1 assessed both brain Ab, with carbon 11-labeled
Pittsburgh compound B PET, and CSF Ab, with an ELISA
from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.TaggedAPTARAEnd
kit (Fujirebio (formerly Innogenetics)). 39 Lastly, one of the
studies assessed blood Ab in plasma using a combination of
TaggedAPTARAH13. ResultsTaggedAPTARAEnd
mouse monoclonal antibody 6E10 and 2 different antibodies
TaggedAPTARAH23.1. Study selection and characteristicsTaggedAPTARAEnd
specific for Ab1-40 and Ab1-42, in a double antibody sand-
TaggedAPTARAPThe database search revealed a total of 2261 articles, of wich ELISA. 38 Finally, follow-up ranged from 2 39,40 to
which 450 were duplicates. Finally, a total of 71 articles were 3 years. 38,40 TaggedAPTARAEnd
identified for full-text screening. After the full-text screening, 8
RCTs, 3 non-RCT intervention, 4 prospective longitudinal TaggedAPTARAP3.3.2. Cross-sectional studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd
studies, and 22 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria TaggedAPTARAPSample sizes ranged from 40 41 to 1108, 42 and participants
43
and were subsequently included in this systematic review. were aged up to 97 years (Supplementary Table 3). Most of the
Further details about the selection process are shown in Fig. 1. studies assessed physical activity by self-report questionnaires (80%).
44 45,46
The excluded articles and corresponding reasons for exclusion The remaining studies utilized interviews, pedometers, and
43
are shown in Supplementary Table 1. Detailed descriptions of accelerometry to measure physical activity. Regarding the
the included intervention and observational studies are provided measurements of Ab, 9 studies used only PET to measure brain
Ab, 4452 4 studies included both PET and CSF measures, 5356
in Supplementary Tables 2 and 3, respectively.TaggedAPTARAEnd
and 2 studies used both PET and plasma measurements of
Ab. 57,58 Additionally, 3 studies included only CSF
TaggedAPTARAH23.2. Study characteristics of the intervention studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd
samples, 41,42,59 2 studies used only plasma samples, 60,61 and 1
TaggedAPTARAPSample sizes of included intervention studies ranged from 43
14 17 to 109 14 participants (Supplementary Table 2). Participants study used postmortem brain samples. Only 2 studies used
62
58
rangedfrom55to 85yearsofage. 31 Five studies included only mass-spectrometry assays for assessing Ab in CSF and blood. TaggedAPTARAEnd
females. 17,3235 In another study, 92% of the total sample was
16
female. Six of 11 studies included cognitively impaired partici- TaggedAPTARAH23.4. Risk of bias assessmentTaggedAPTARAEnd
pants (from patients with AD to patients with mild cognitive TaggedAPTARAPThe percentage of studies that met the criteria for reporting a
impairments). 13,15,31,32,34,36 Most interventions (6 of 11 studies) “low risk of bias” item-by-item is presented in Supplementary
included aerobic exercise, 1315,31,33,36 while 3 studies included a Tables 47 according to their study design (RCT, non-RCTs,
combination of aerobic and resistance exercises, 16,17,34 another longitudinal cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies,
included resistance exercise using bands, 32 and another Taek- respectively). In addition, the overall risk of bias assessment
wondo. 35 Interventions ranged from 8 33 to 52 weeks, 13,14 and study-by-study is presented in Supplementary Tables 811.