Page 16 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAFigure TaggedAPTARAEnd138 M. Rodriguez-Ayllon et al.

17
Fig. 2. Forest plot of pooled effect size and confidence intervals of intervention studies analyzing the effect of physical activity on blood Ab. Kwon et al. did not
report the isoform assessed. When the same study presented more than one effect size, a number was included after the ES. 95%CI = 95% confidence interval;
Ab = amyloid beta; Blood-P = blood-plasma; Blood-S = blood-serum; ES = effect size; RCT = randomized controlled trials; RE = random effect; SMD = standard-
ized mean difference.TaggedAPTARAEnd
group, exercise interventions had a medium effect on reducing addition, subgroup analysis including only females revealed
blood Ab in middle-aged and older adults (pooled SMD = that results remain consistent according to the general effect
2
0.69, 95%CI: 1.41 to 0.03; I = 74.6%). However, only a (SMD = 0.695, 95%CI: 1.570 to 0.181).TaggedAPTARAEnd
few interventions achieved the criteria for being meta-analyzed, TaggedAPTARAPFinally, meta-regression analyses (including continuous
and the results were not statistically significant. Two interven- moderators) showed large effects on older participants
tion studies were excluded from the meta-analysis due to incom- (omnibus test of moderators = 5.291, p = 0.021), and no differ-
16
36
plete data and the absence of a control group. Tarumi et al. 13 ences were observed according to the total time of the inter-
was the only study to assess Ab locally instead of in the whole vention (omnibus test of moderators = 0.000, p = 0.984)
brain. In addition, Jensen et al. 15 was the only study to assess (Supplementary Fig. 2).TaggedAPTARAEnd
Ab in the CSF. Lastly, Vidoni et al. 14 was the only study to
assess Ab in the brain. Therefore, we performed our analyses TaggedAPTARAP3.5.2. Meta-analysis of observational studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd
excluding these 5 studies from the pool. Consequently, only TaggedAPTARAPThe meta-analysis of observational studies assessing Ab in
studies that assessed Ab in the blood were included in the the brain is shown in Fig. 3. In brief, the overall association of
33
meta-analysis. Of note, 1 study assessed Ab 30 min after the physical activity with brain Ab was not significant
2
last session in the 16th week. This complicates the interpretation (ES = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.11 to 0.00, I = 49.92%). Results did
of the results because it combines into a single measure the not change when longitudinal studies were excluded from the
acute and chronic effects of the exercise program on Ab.There- general pools (ES = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.00,
2
fore, we ran a sensitivity analysis excluding this study from the I = 51.81%) (data not shown). The meta-analysis of observa-
general pool and observed the overall effect became significant tional studies that assessed Ab in the CSF is summarized in
2
(pooled SMD = 0.99, 95%CI: 1.41 to 0.58; I =0%). Due Fig. 4. Specifically, the overall effect of physical activity on
to the limited number of studies included in the meta-analysis, CSF Ab was significant (ES = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.050.18,
2
sensitivity analyses (e.g., excluding plasma/serum Ab) could I = 38.00%). All studies included in this pool had a cross-
not be performed. Lastly, we did not find evidence of publica- sectional design. Lastly, the overall effect of physical activity
tion bias based on visual observation of the funnel plot and on blood Ab is presented in Fig. 5. Briefly, the association
between physical activity and blood Ab was not significant
Egger’s tests (Supplementary Fig. 1).TaggedAPTARAEnd
2
TaggedAPTARAPModeration analyses showed that participants who attended (ES = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.03, I = 68.02%). When only
a combined (i.e., aerobic + resistance training) or non-aerobic studies with a cross-sectional design were included, the
(e.g., taekwondo intervention) exercise intervention had larger results remained consistent (pooled SMD = 0.04, 95%CI:
2
effects on Ab (Omnibus test of moderators = 8.85, p = 0.01; 0.141 to 0.070, I = 74.72%) (data not shown). Results
aerobic: SMD = 0.079, 95%CI: 0.844 to 1.002; combined or did not change when we explored separately the association
non-aerobic: SMD = 1.114, 95%CI: 1.853 to 0.375). In between physical activity and the ratio Ab42/Ab40 (pooled