Page 13 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAEndPhysical activity and amyloid beta 135
Table 1
TaggedAPTARACaptionSearch strategy. TaggedAPTARAEnd
DatabaseTaggedAPTARAEnd Search strategyTaggedAPTARAEnd LimitsTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARATbody
PubMed, Web of Science, (“A-beta” OR “amyloid” OR “Ab” OR “beta-Peptide” OR “beta-Protein*” OR Publication date from incep-
PsycINFO, Cochrane Central “b-protein” OR “Amyloidosis”) AND (“Exercise” OR “Sports” OR “physical tion to 2022/04/28TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
Register of Controlled Trials, exercise” OR “Aerobic exercise” OR athletic OR “Motor Activity” OR “Physical
activity” OR “Locomotor activity” OR “Training” OR “Moderate physical
SPORTDiscusTaggedAPTARAEnd
activity” OR “Vigorous physical activity” OR “Moderate-to-vigorous physical
activity” OR “MVPA” OR “Sedentary” OR “Inactivity” OR “Aerobic activities”
OR “Aerobic activity” OR “Cardiovascular activities” OR “Cardiovascular
activity” OR “Endurance activities” OR “Physical activities” OR “Physical
conditioning” OR “Resistance training” OR “strength training” OR “Lifestyle
activities” OR “Lifestyle activity” OR “Recreational activities” OR “Recreational
activity” OR “Tai chi” OR “Tai ji” OR "Yoga” OR “Chi kung” OR “Qigong” OR
“dance” OR “dancing” OR “Balance training” OR “Functional training” OR
"stretching” OR “Walk” OR “Walking”) AND (adult OR adults OR adulthood OR
elderly OR “Oldest Old”)
PubMed (Filters activated: Humans, Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years)TaggedAPTARAEnd
Abbreviations: Ab = amyloid beta; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.TaggedAPTARAEnd
2426
diet interventions) were included; for observational studies, objec- used in previous reviews. The studies were categorized
tive or self-reported physical activity measurements were with an overall risk of bias score as used in previous studies. 24
included; (d) control group criterion, understood as “treatment as Specifically, the studies were considered as “low risk” when
usual” or “stretching”: intervention studies should have either an 75% of items were scored as “yes” (criterion met).TaggedAPTARAEnd
inactive, active, or no control group (we considered a control
group as active when participants from the control group practiced
TaggedAPTARAH22.5. Synthesis of the evidenceTaggedAPTARAEnd
any type of exercise but stretching; only the primary subset of
studies (i.e., physical exercise group vs. control group) were TaggedAPTARAPMulti-level meta-analyses of intervention and observational
included in the meta-analyses); (e) outcome: Ab in the brain using studies were performed using R Statistical Software (Version
PET, CSF, or blood; Ab ratios (Ab42/40 or Ab40/42) were also 4.2.2; https://www.r-project.org/contributors.html) and the metafor
included in this review; (f) study design: we included cross- package Version 3.8.1 (Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Maastricht Univer-
sectional studies, longitudinal cohort studies and intervention sity, Netherlands). A separate synthesis of the evidence was
performed for studies that assess Ab in the CSF, brain and blood.
studies (RCTs and non-RCTs).TaggedAPTARAEnd
Statistical significance was set at a p value of less than 0.05.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAH22.3. Data extractionTaggedAPTARAEnd

TaggedAPTARAPTwo researchers (CAA and PSU) extracted data from the TaggedAPTARAP2.5.1. Multi-level meta-analysis for intervention studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPStandardized mean differences (SMD) between the exercise
selected studies to a customized data extraction form deve-
and control groups were computed. Weighted mean differences
loped and piloted a priori by the review team. We extracted the
were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity
following items: study background (name of the first author, 2
was measured using the I statistic (the percentage of total varia-
year, and country), total risk of bias score, sample characteris-
bility attributed to between-study heterogeneity). SMD was
tics (target population, number of participants, participants’
calculated using Hedges’ adjusted g (similar to Cohen’s d).
age, and sex), design, measures and instruments used to assess
Effect sizes (ESs) of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 were considered small,
both Ab and physical activity. For intervention studies, we also
medium, and large, respectively. The publication bias was
extracted intervention details (exercise type, frequency in
assessed by a funnel plot and the Egger’s regression asymmetry
number of sessions per week, session duration, intervention dura- 27
test, considering the level of significance of <0.1. To run the
tion in weeks, and exercise intensity) together with control condi-
Egger’s test, the random-effects model was modified to include
tions. Information extracted in the tables was double-checked
the standard error of the effect size as a moderator.TaggedAPTARAEnd
by 3 experienced researchers (IEC, PMG, and MRA). Possible
TaggedAPTARAPPosteriori exploratory moderation analyses were performed
disagreements were discussed by the researchers until a
using sex and type of intervention (aerobic interventions vs.
consensus was reached. Lastly, in cases of incomplete/missing
others) as categorical variables and mean of age and total inter-
data, we contacted the corresponding authors for data requests.TaggedAPTARAEnd
vention duration (weeks £ sessions £ minutes/session) as
continuous moderators (meta-regression). In addition, explora-
TaggedAPTARAH22.4. Risk of biasTaggedAPTARAEnd
tory subgroup comparisons were calculated for categorical
TaggedAPTARAPThe risk of bias was evaluated independently by 2 variables (i.e., sex and type of intervention).TaggedAPTARAEnd

researchers (CAAand MAO) and disagreements were resolved
in a consensus meeting with IEC, PMG, MRA, and CMH. The TaggedAPTARAP2.5.2. Meta-analysis for observational studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd
risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Criti- TaggedAPTARAPFor studies reporting associations between physical activity
cal Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews, 23 which has been and Ab, correlation coefficients were extracted along with