Page 141 - 摩擦学学报2025年第5期

第 5 期 许华林, 等: 阶梯螺旋槽端面密封摩擦学性能数值研究 775

40 6

Experimental results Experimental results
Theoretical results 5 Theoretical results
Film thickness, H 0 /μm 20 Friction torque, T/(N·m) 4 3 2
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10

0 1 0
500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000

Speed, ω/(r/min) Speed, ω/(r/min)
(a) Film thickness change with speed (b) Friction torque change with speed
1 250
Experimental results Reference
Theoretical results
Film stiffness, K/(N/μm) 750 Simulation result
1 000
result
500

250

0
5 10 15 20 25
Film thickness/μm
(c) Stiffness change with film thickness (d) Comparison of cavitation areas
[22]
Fig. 4 Comparison of the numerical solution with the experimental values in the literature
[22]
图 4 数值解与文献试验值 的比较

Flat-bottomed, H 0 =0.5 μm Flat-bottomed, H 0 =0.5 μm Flat-bottomed, H 0 =0.5 μm
Stepped, H 0 =0.5 μm Stepped, H 0 =0.5 μm Stepped, H 0 =0.5 μm
6 5 Flat-bottomed, H 0 =1.0 μm 10 8 Flat-bottomed, H 0 =1.0 μm 5 4 Flat-bottomed, H 0 =1.0 μm
Stepped, H 0 =1.0 μm
Stepped, H 0 =1.0 μm
Stepped, H 0 =1.0 μm
Flat-bottomed, H 0 =1.5 μm
Flat-bottomed, H 0 =1.5 μm
Flat-bottomed, H 0 =1.5 μm
Film load capacity, W/kN 4 3 2 Film load capacity, W/kN 6 4 Film load capacity, W/kN 3 2
Stepped, H 0 =1.5 μm
Stepped, H 0 =1.5 μm
Stepped, H 0 =1.5 μm
0 1 2 0 1 0
100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500
Speed, ω/(r/min) Speed, ω/(r/min) Speed, ω/(r/min)
(a) d 1 =1 μm (b) d 1 =3 μm (c) d 1 =5 μm

Fig. 5 Comparison of the load capacity of two spiral grooves at different speeds
图 5 2种螺旋槽不同转速下承载力对比

均大于对应的平底螺旋槽，并且随着转速的提高，承 利. 本文中计算了d =3 μm的平底螺旋槽及其对应阶梯
1
载能力增大的效果越来越明显. 螺旋槽在不同载荷下形成膜厚H 分别为0.5、1.0和1.5 μm
0
2.2 阶梯螺旋槽开启速度分析 时的开启速度(表面粗糙度不同时形成全膜润滑最小
机械密封启动过程是转速从零加速至目标转速 膜厚不同)，如图6所示，随着载荷不断增加，d =3 μm
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的过程，也是从接触状态到完全流体润滑状态转变的 的2种螺旋槽在不同膜厚下，开启速度均随载荷的增
过程，必然经历混合润滑状态，此处将形成完全流体 加而升高，阶梯螺旋槽在相同载荷和膜厚下开启速度
润滑的最低速度定义为开启速度，开启速度越低越有 均小于平底螺旋槽，且随着载荷的增大，阶梯螺旋槽