Page 138 - 摩擦学学报2025年第10期

第 10 期 孙逸豪, 等: 空气吸入对挤压油膜阻尼器油膜动特性影响研究 1535

and operating parameters such as whirl frequency, static eccentricity, whirl radius, gap ratio, oil film width, oil supply
pressure and oil viscosity. The mechanism of air ingestion on the dynamic properties of oil film was revealed. The
results showed that the air ingestion phenomenon occurs at the exit boundary when the equipment was in operation.
When the dynamic pressure lubrication effect of fluid increased as a result of changing structural or operating
parameters， the degree of air ingestion is increased and its distribution becomes more uniform along the circumference.
Air ingestion caused a significant reduction in the maximum pressure value, but has little effect on the range of the
positive pressure zone. Meanwhile, air ingestion led to a substantial reduction in the range of the negative pressure zone
of the oil film, resulting in a considerable decrement in the cavitation effect of the oil film, which in turn affected the
dynamic characteristics of the oil film. Air ingestion reduced the effective oil film coverage area, increased the cavitation
ratio, significantly reduced the fluid viscosity, reduced the dynamic pressure lubrication effect, and had a more
significant effect on the dynamic properties of the oil film compared to the cavitation effect. Air ingestion produced a
significant inhibitory effect on the dynamic characteristics of the Squeeze Film Damper oil film, which is manifested in
the overall stability improvement of the damping and stiffness, with a significant reduction of the specific values and the
alleviation of the nonlinear characteristics. When air was ingested, increasing the aspect ratio, oil supply pressure, and
decreasing the whirl frequency can effectively enhance the oil film damping and stiffness. Changing the static
eccentricity, whirl radius, clearance ratio, and oil viscosity had a small effect on the dynamic characteristics of the oil
film. When the static eccentricity was constant, the degree of air ingestion varied slightly from one typical moment to
another. It caused the damping and stiffness to vary, while the trend with the parameters was generally identical. The
research results could provide theoretical basis and important reference for the subsequent in-depth study and optimized
design of the dynamic characteristics of Squeeze Film Damper oil film without end seal and vibration characteristics of a
rotor system fitted with an unsealed Squeeze Film Damper.
Key words: squeeze film damper; dynamic properties; equivalent damping; average stiffness; cavitation effects

[10]
挤压油膜阻尼器(Squeeze Film Damper, SFD)具 制突加不平衡引起的瞬态响应. 王震林等 研究数据
有结构简单和抑振效果好的优点，被广泛应用于涡轴 显示，供油压力增大，阻尼先增大后不变，刚度先增大
[11]
发动机转子系统的关键支撑部件中. 作为转子系统主 后减小. 周海仑等 研究表明，偏心率增加，供油槽较
要激励来源，SFD的运行状态直接影响着其振动及稳 浅时，等效阻尼非线性增加；供油槽较深时，等效阻尼
[12]
定性，因此，开展SFD油膜动特性及稳定性研究，提升 先减小后增加. 夏冶宝等 分析表明，油膜非线性随
[13]
其抑振性能，对于转子系统的减振降噪研究具有重要 间隙值的减小而增大. 周海仑等 研究了含浮环式挤
意义. 压油膜阻尼器对转子系统突加不平衡响应的抑制作
针对SFD中气液两相流现象，张微等 分析表明， 用，数据显示较大的滑油黏度能更好地抑制转子系统
[1]
[14]
气穴影响下油膜出现恒压区，偏心率越大，空气吸入量 的突加不平衡响应. Ma等 分析了SFD对滚动轴承支
[2]
越大，油膜压力和等效阻尼系数越低. 廖学敏等 研究 撑的双转子系统非线性动力学行为的影响，结果表
证明，气穴存在使油膜相位略有超前，负压区为气穴压 明，参数不合理的SFD会加剧系统振动，油膜间隙越
[15]
力. 崔颖等 [3-4] 探究发现，进动半径和频率增大，空化效 小，SFD的阻尼性能越好. Chen等 研究表明，油膜长
应增大，等效阻尼系数降低；供油压力增大，高压区范 度和径向油膜间隙具有最佳值，参数的不合理选择不
[16]
围增大并移向进油侧，低压区移向出油侧且气相体积 利于振动衰减. Faris等 对复合材料和非复合材料SFD
分数降低. 周海仑等 [5-6] 分析发现，空气吸入使油膜有效 进行了试验振动分析，结果表明，在测试范围内，供油
[17]
覆盖率下降，阻尼和压力峰值减小；进动频率和偏心率 压力和长径比增加，SFD性能有所提高. Ajay等 将磁
增大，油膜温度升高，空化效应和空气吸入程度增强. 流变流体用于SFD中，结果表明，磁流变流体提供的
针对结构和工况参数，杨坤等 分析数据显示，长 阻尼随着磁场的增加而增加，在临界速度下振动幅度
[7]
[18]
径比增大，转子系统抗失效不平衡量呈现先增大后 降低了70%. Xu等 提出了SFD的四自由度流体动力
[8]
缓慢减小的趋势. 王建伟等 研究表明，设置封闭式 学模型，考虑了旋转位移的影响，结果表明，偏心率大
[9]
SFD可提高轴承的阻尼和稳定性. 张广辉等 研究表 于0.4时，旋转位移对油膜间隙分布、荷载力矩和油膜
[19]
明，弹性环挤压油膜阻尼器(Elastic Ring Squeeze Film 反作用力影响较大. Shao等 研究表明，当油膜间隙上
Damper, ERSFD)供油后会引入额外的刚度和阻尼，抑 升时，共振处的振动幅值下降，反之亦然；增加油膜长