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472                                     摩   擦   学   学   报                                 第 41 卷

            Lee的研究中所采用的划痕速度与文中的不同，不同                               spherical  indenter[J].  Journal  of  Testing  and  Evaluation,  2020,
            的划痕速度会通过位错密度和加工硬化等对划痕硬                                 48(2): 970–989. doi: 10.1520/jte20180719.
                       [38]
            度产生影响 ，使划痕硬度与屈服应力之间的关系变                            [  5  ]  Liu  Ming,  Yan  Fuwen,  Gao  Chenghui.  Effect  of  normal  load  on
                                                                   microscratch test of copper[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2020, 41(9):
            得复杂. 此外，测得紫铜在2 N载荷下的努氏硬度为
                                                                   1095–1101 (in Chinese) [刘明, 严富文, 高诚辉. 法向载荷对紫铜
            0.98 GPa，大于划痕硬度的0.77 GPa，原因在于大载荷
                                                                   的微米划痕测试的影响[J]. 计量学报, 2020, 41(9): 1095–1101].
            划痕试验时，材料在切向力作用下更容易发生屈服现                                doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.09.10.
            象，造成更大塑性变形区域，使得压痕硬度大于划痕                            [  6  ]  Liu Ming, Li Shuo, Gao Chenghui. Fracture toughness measurement
                [2]
            硬度 .                                                   by  micro-scratch  tests  with  conical  indenter[J].  Tribology,  2019,

                                                                   39(5): 556–564 (in Chinese) [刘明, 李烁, 高诚辉. 利用圆锥压头微
            3    结论                                                米划痕测试材料断裂韧性[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2019, 39(5): 556–564].
                                                                   doi: 10.16078/j.tribology.2019021.
                a. 随着恒定载荷的增加，压头与材料间接触条件
                                                               [  7  ]  Zhang  Dong,  Sun  Yuan,  Gao  Chenghui,  et  al.  Measurement  of
            的改善使得因压头滑动而从划槽中移出的材料沿着
                                                                   fracture toughness of copper via constant-load microscratch with a
            划痕路径两侧均匀堆积，划痕宽度和深度随着载荷的                                spherical  indenter[J].  Wear,  2020,  444-445:  203158.  doi:
            增大而线性增加. 当载荷较大时，位错墙的形成使划                               10.1016/j.wear.2019.203158.
            痕深度出现周期性的波动. 划槽前端半椭圆的半轴长                           [  8  ]  Mao Mengyun, Peng Linfa, Lai Xinmin. Experimental study of the
            均随着正压力的增大而增加，主要是因为压头前端大                                grain size effect on scratching behaviors of pure copper[J]. Journal
                                                                   of  Shanghai  Jiao  Tong  University,  2019,  53(03):  253–259
            量堆积的形成，变相增加压头前方与材料的接触面积.
                                                                   (in Chinese) [茅梦云, 彭林法, 来新民. 不同晶粒的纯铜表面划痕
                b. 通过观察划痕形貌并计算“切削与塑性比”
                                                                   实验研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2019, 53(03): 253–259]. doi:
            f 解释了压头对紫铜的刻划过程，存在微切削和微犁                               10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2019.03.001.
             cp
            耕两种变形机制，并且由各载荷下的“切削与塑性比”                           [  9  ]  Yang Chao, Liu Xiaojun, Yang Haidong, et al. Effect of the textured
            f 均大于0.6可知，紫铜在滑动过程中的主要变形机制                             surface  on  the  cutting  performance  of  the  tool  and  the  friction
             cp
            为微切削.                                                  property  for  the  rake  face[J].  Tribology,  2015,  35(2):  228–235
                c. 划痕前端堆积高度H 和厚度D ，材料的两侧堆                          (in Chinese) [杨超, 刘小君, 杨海东, 等. 表面织构对刀具切削性能
                                            T
                                    F
                                                                   及前刀面摩擦特性的影响[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2015, 35(2): 228–235].
            积高度H 和堆积宽度D 的变化均随着正压力的增加
                                 S
                    S
                                                                   doi: 10.16078/j.tribology.2015.02.015.
            而增大，并且由于加工硬化现象抑制了材料的向上流
                                                               [10]  Öpöz T T, Chen X. Experimental study on single grit grinding of
            动，使得两侧的堆积高度变化率较小.
                                                                   Inconel  718[J].  Proceedings  of  the  Institution  of  Mechanical
                d. 紫铜划痕硬度不随载荷变化，小于压痕硬度，                            Engineers,  Part  B:  Journal  of  Engineering  Manufacture,  2015,
            约为0.77 GPa，是屈服应力的10倍.                                  229(5): 713–726. doi: 10.1177/0954405414531114.
                                                               [11]  Useinov A S, Useinov S S. Scratch hardness evaluation with in-situ
            参 考 文 献
                                                                   pile-up  effect  estimation[J].  Philosophical  Magazine,  2012,  92(25-
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                 划 痕 研 究 TiN涂 层 的 失 效 机 理 [J].  计 量 学 报 ,  2020,  41(6):  Technologies,  2010,  16(4):  585–593.  doi:  10.1007/s00542-009-
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