Page 24 - 《摩擦学学报》2021年第4期

第 41 卷 第 4 期 摩 擦 学 学 报 Vol 41 No 4
2021 年 7 月 Tribology Jul, 2021

DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2020140

恒定大载荷划痕试验下紫铜的三维形貌及

划痕硬度分析

*
刘 明 , 李国翔, 周 超, 高诚辉
(福州大学 机械工程及自动化学院，福建 福州 350108)

摘 要: 采用圆锥形压头对紫铜进行划痕试验，并通过三维表面形貌仪获取划痕的三维形貌，研究正压力的变化对
划痕沟槽所产生的影响. 结果表明：正压力的增大，使得划痕宽度和深度均线性增加，当正压力较大时，位错墙的形
成使划痕深度出现周期性的波动，同时压头划刻过程伴有划痕两侧和前端的材料堆积现象，前端堆积高度和厚度、
两侧堆积高度和宽度随着正压力的增加而线性增大. 通过“切削与塑性比”说明了压头对紫铜的刻划存在微犁耕和
微切削两种变形机制，并且微切削机制在划刻过程中占主导地位. 磨损率随着载荷增加而线性增大，但划痕硬度不
随载荷的变化而改变，约为0.77 GPa.
关键词: 紫铜; 三维形貌; 恒定大载荷; 切削与塑性比; 变形机制; 划痕硬度
中图分类号: TH161; TG115 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2021)04–0467–07

Analysis of 3D Morphology and Scratch Hardness of
Copper under Large Constant Load

*
LIU Ming , LI Guoxiang, ZHOU Chao, GAO Chenghui

(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fujian Fuzhou 350108, China)
Abstract: Scratch tests were conducted on copper with a conical indenter. 3D morphologies of the scratches were
obtained by a 3D Surface Profilometer, and the influence of normal force on the scratch groove was studied. The results
show that width and depth of the scratches increase linearly with the increase in the applied normal force. When the
normal force is high, the periodic fluctuation of scratch depth appears due to the formation of the dislocation walls. At
the same time, the scratching process is accompanied by pile-up on both sides and in front of the indenter. It is found that
height and thickness of the pile-up at the end of the scratch and the height and width of the pile-up on both sides of the
scratch increase linearly with the increase of the applied normal load. The ratio of cutting to plasticity shows two
deformation mechanisms: micro-ploughing and micro-cutting, and micro cutting mechanism plays the dominant role in
the scratching process, resulting in a linear increase of wear rate with the increase of normal load. The scratch hardness
does not change with the variation of normal load, and can be regarded to be a constant about 0.77 GPa.
Key words: copper; 3D morphology; large constant load; cutting-to-plastic ratio; deformation mechanism; scratch
hardness

划痕试验因其便利性和可操作性被广泛运用于 等，同时，对划痕表面的形貌研究分析有助于了解材
[1]
测试材料的涂层结合力 ，摩擦系数 [2-5] ，断裂韧性 [6-7] 料表面的微观变形机制 [8-9] ，根据划痕过程中形成的切

Received 3 July 2020, revised 16 September 2020, accepted 27 September 2020, available online 28 July 2021.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: mingliu@fzu.edu.cn, Tel: +86-15606066237.
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51705082, 51875106) and Research Project of
Fuzhou university (Jinjiang) Science and Education Park Development Center (2019-JJFDKY-01).
国家自然科学基金项目(51705082, 51875106)和晋江市福大科教园区发展中心科研项(2019-JJFDKY-01)资助.