Page 31 - 《摩擦学学报》2021年第4期

第 41 卷 第 4 期 摩 擦 学 学 报 Vol 41 No 4
2021 年 7 月 Tribology Jul, 2021

DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2020148

洛伦兹力与温度场作用下枢轨摩擦磨损特性

*
卢铜钢, 刘 峰 , 高 翔, 李 帅, 张晖辉
(燕山大学 河北省重型装备与大型结构力学可靠性重点实验室，河北 秦皇岛 066004)

摘 要: 电枢与轨道间摩擦磨损直接影响着枢轨接触状态，进而影响着电磁轨道发射装置的使用寿命和发射效率.
因此针对焦耳热与摩擦热作用下接触面温度纵向扩散特性，建立温度作用下Archard磨损模型分析温度对枢轨间磨
损的影响. 结果表明：枢轨间磨损量主要发生在电枢表面，且最大磨损量集中在电枢尾翼边缘区域. 随着电枢运动过
程，枢轨表面温度逐渐升高，接触区域材料的弹性模量和硬度降低，枢轨间磨损量增大. 接触表面磨损量增大也反
映出了枢轨接触面温度升高加速了电枢表面的烧蚀.
关键词: 电磁发射; 电枢; 电接触; 温度场; 磨损
中图分类号: TM15; TJ866 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1004-0595(2021)04–0474–10

Wear Characteristics between Aramture and Rails under the
Action of Lorentz Force and Temperature Field

*
LU Tonggang, LIU Feng , GAO Xiang, LI Shuai, ZHANG Huihui

(Key Laboratory of Mechanical Reliability for Heavy Equipments and Large Structures of Hebei Province,
Yanshan University, Hebei Qinhuangdao 066004, China)
Abstract: The friction and wear directly affect the contact state between the armature and rails, which in turn affect the
service life and launch efficiency of the electromagnetic launcher. Therefore, considering the longitudinal diffusion
characteristics of the contact surface temperature under the action of Joule heat and friction heat, the Archard wear
model was established under the action of temperature to analyze the influence of temperature on the wear between the
armature and rails. The results showed that the amount of wear between the armature and rails mainly occurred on the
surface of the armature, and the maximum amount of wear was concentrated on the edge of the armature tail. As the
armature moved, the temperature of the contact surface gradually increased, the elastic modulus and hardness of the
material decreased, and the amount of wear between the armature and rails increased. The increased wear on the contact
surface also reflected that the increase in the temperature of the contact surface accelerated the ablation of the armature
surface.
Key words: electromagnetic launch; armature; electrical contact; temperature field; wear

电磁轨道炮发射过程中，电枢和轨道之间的超高 映工程实际的物理模型，对研究温度作用下枢轨磨损

速滑动接触引起的磨损状态是极其复杂的，枢轨接触 具有非常重要的意义.
表面材料在高磁场高应变的物理环境中，在滑动摩擦 基于Archard磨损模型理论基础，许多学者采用试
[1]
冲击作用下产生大面积材料脱落 . 枢轨间超高速摩 验和有限元软件综合分析摩擦副在真实接触状态下
擦磨损过程中还伴随着大量焦耳热与摩擦热 [2-3] ，材料 的磨损研究 [4-6] . 然而目前对于流经电流的金属摩擦副

参数随温度变化较难在数值仿真中体现出来，导致研 磨损分析研究数据还不够完善. 因为涉及到电流与温
[9]
究温度场作用下磨损数值分析更加困难. 因此建立反 度作用，研究集中于实验方面 [7-8] . Marshall 实验证明，

Received 16 July 2020, revised 14 August 2020, accepted 9 September 2020, available online 28 July 2021.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: liufeng@ysu.edu.cn, Tel: +86-13383272676.