Page 66 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第01期

第 46 卷 第 1 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 1
2026 年 1 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jan., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0092

水下接触爆炸气泡脉动特性的理论研究 *

王天召，孙远翔，陈岩武

（北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室，北京 100081）

摘要： 为揭示水下接触爆炸气泡脉动特性的变化规律，弥补现有理论对接触爆炸工况研究的不足，基于不可压缩
无黏流体假设，建立了刚性壁面接触爆炸的半球形气泡动力学模型，推导了气泡最大半径、初始半径以及脉动周期与
自由场参数的定量关系。理论分析表明，接触爆炸气泡最大半径、初始半径及脉动周期为自由场工况的 1.26 倍（理论
比例系数）。通过 LS-DYNA 软件对 0.300、0.233 和 5.000 g TNT 装药在不同水深条件下的水下爆炸进行数值模拟，结果
表明：接触爆炸气泡最大半径和脉动周期的模拟值分别为自由场气泡的 1.22～1.24 倍和 1.20～1.21 倍，与理论预测的
相对误差小于 5%。进一步通过水箱实验验证接触爆炸气泡最大半径与脉动周期分别为自由场的 1.10 和 1.06 倍，实际
工况因受流体可压缩性、气泡不稳定变形等因素影响，实际比例系数略低于理论比例系数。
关键词： 水下爆炸气泡；脉动特性；接触爆炸；有限元模拟
中图分类号： O383 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Theoretical study of bubble pulsation characteristics
in underwater contact explosions

WANG Tianzhao, SUN Yuanxiang, CHEN Yanwu
（Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China）

Abstract: Contact explosion is an important condition in the damage and protection of underwater structures, and the
pulsating bubbles generated by explosive underwater explosion are an important damage source. The current research on
underwater explosion bubbles mainly focuses on the pulsating characteristics of spherical bubbles under free-field and typical
boundary conditions, while there is a notable lack of research on non-spherical bubbles under contact explosion conditions. The
pulsation characteristics of underwater contact explosion bubbles were systematically investigated through theoretical modeling,
numerical simulations, and experiments. To address the theoretical gap in contact explosion dynamics, a hemispherical bubble
dynamics model under rigid wall contact conditions was established based on incompressible and inviscid fluid assumptions.
By comparing present model with the spherical bubble pulsation model in an incompressible flow field, quantitative
relationships between parameters such as the maximum bubble radius, initial radius, pulsation period were obtained.
Theoretical analysis reveals that the maximum radius, initial radius, and pulsation period of contact explosion bubbles are 1.26
times (theoretical scaling factor) those of free-field conditions. An error analysis was conducted to account for factors such as
fluid compressibility, unstable bubble deformation, and energy dissipation induced by bubble-rigid wall interactions.
Numerical simulations using LS-DYNA for underwater explosions with 0.300 g, 0.233 g, and 5.000 g TNT charges under
varying water depths reveal that the scaling factors for maximum radius and pulsation period under contact explosion
conditions range from 1.22 to 1.24 and 1.20 to 1.21 times those of free-field results, respectively, with simulation errors below
5% compared to theoretical predictions. Experimental validation in a water tank shows that the maximum radius and period of

* 收稿日期： 2025-03-24；修回日期： 2025-06-04
基金项目： 爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室（北京理工大学）自主研究课题探索性项目（YBKT25-04）
第一作者： 王天召（2001－ ），男，硕士研究生，wtz2022@163.com
通信作者： 孙远翔（1967－ ），男，博士，副教授，sunyuanxiang002@126.com

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