Page 44 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第12期
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第 45 卷 郑 成,等: 基于板厚补偿的不同型号钢制靶板在舱内爆炸载荷作用下的等效方法 第 12 期
different grades was established under the assumption of structural integrity during the explosion. Based on the theory of large
deflection of thin plates, the relationship between plate thickness and deformation was clarified thoroughly. An equivalence
substitution method for different plate grades was explained, and an equivalence substitution method for different plates was
proposed. It provides a theoretical foundation for substituting specialized naval steel with conventional steel. Comprehensive
numerical simulations were conducted using the finite element analysis software AUTODYN to validate the proposed method.
The simulations modeled the dynamic response of four different grades of steel target plates (921A steel, 907A steel, Q235
steel, and Q355 steel) under internal blast loading. The maximum deviation between the simulation results and experimental
data is only 5.6%, thereby fully confirming the accuracy and reliability of the numerical model. The equivalence relationships
among grades under internal blast loading with different charge volume ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0) were further explored
through extensive numerical simulations involving four plates grades (Q235, Q355, 907A, and 921A) with various thicknesses.
A fitting analysis of equivalent plate thickness was conducted. By integrating empirical formulas correlating equivalent plate
thickness with dynamic yield strength, the substituted target plate showed less than 10% deviation in central deformation
compared to the original plate. The proposed equivalence method for steel target plates of different grades under internal
explosion loads has been demonstrated to be both rational and practically applicable. This provides a theoretical foundation and
empirical reference for substituting specialized naval steel with ordinary steel in internal explosion experiments.
Keywords: structural response to internal explosion; central deformation similarity; thickness compensation; equivalence
substitution method
随着反舰导弹突防能力及毁伤威力的大幅提升,反舰导弹已成为水面舰船的主要威胁 。反舰导弹
[1]
战斗部侵彻穿入舰船内部舱室,并在舱室内部爆炸,对舰船内部结构造成严重破坏。舱内爆炸与自由场
爆炸载荷的特点明显不同,威力比同等当量下的自由场爆炸大得多,前者的能量集中通常是后者的数百
倍 [2-6] 。为进一步探究内爆载荷规律,需开展相应的爆炸实验,但原尺寸模型爆炸实验存在场地限制以及
价格昂贵等问题,因此学者们常开展缩比模型实验进行研究。目前,在舱内爆炸缩比实验中存在船用特
种钢板厚规格有限这一问题,且随着船用特种钢各种性能的不断提高,相应价格也在不断攀升。为减少
实验成本,同时解决模型缩尺后特殊船用钢无相应厚度规格这一难题,如何开展普通船用钢材替代特种
钢材在舱内爆炸的等效性研究成为迫切问题。
针对封闭空间爆炸问题,Feldgun 等 [7-8] 聚焦于封闭空间爆炸载荷下准静态压力预测问题,提出的气
[9]
体压力预测模型可用于模拟部分封闭空间内爆炸和柔性结构的爆炸响应。Hu 等 讨论了封闭空间内爆
炸载荷的特性,并分析了装药形状、装药方向、腔体几何形状和腔体体积变化对腔体壁面上峰值反射超
压和冲量的影响。在舱内爆炸动态响应方面,刘博文等 [10] 开展了某典型舱室缩比模型内爆实验,根据量
纲分析及数值模拟结果,得到了首次冲击时角隅汇聚冲击波载荷经验计算公式。侯海量等 [11] 分析了舱
内爆炸载荷的特征以及舱内爆炸载荷作用下舱室板架结构的失效模式。郑成 [12] 开展了热塑性纤维增强
金属层合板的舱内爆炸响应实验研究,得到了此类层合板结构在舱内爆炸载荷作用下的响应过程和变
形模式。姚梦雷等 [13] 采用小型舱室模型实验结合有限元数值分析的方法,分析了不同爆距下 Y 形夹层
板结构的动响应特性,总结得到了 Y 形夹层板结构面板的 7 种变形模式。等效即具备相同效能或效果,
从易损性的角度看,不同目标之间一般存在某种等效关系 [14] 。针对等效问题,孔祥韶等 [15] 结合爆炸载荷
饱和作用时间的规律,将封闭空间爆炸载荷等效成矩形载荷。王逸南等 [16] 对截卵形弹体垂直侵彻钢制
均质靶板问题,开展了 Q345 钢替代 907A 钢材的等效性研究。甘宏伟等 [17] 基于剩余速度理论,结合数值
模拟和统计概率分析,建立了加筋板架结构与均质靶板之间的等效关系。宋卫东等 [18] 构建了半穿甲战
斗部对多层加筋靶板的侵彻力学模型,并提出了加筋靶板的等效方法。目前,针对侵彻的等效研究已取
得一定进展,但是内爆相关研究主要集中在结构响应和威力评估等方面,而针对内爆载荷作用下靶板的
等效方法尚未开展研究。黄松 [19] 仅分析了自由场爆炸载荷作用下船用钢与 Q235 钢的等效关系,而内爆
时不仅存在冲击波超压,还会受到准静态压力作用,因此对船用钢在舱内爆炸载荷作用下的等效方法的
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