Page 163 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第9期

第 45 卷 第 9 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 45, No. 9
2025 年 9 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Sept., 2025

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0365

地应力对岩体预裂爆破成缝过程的影响 *

马泗洲 ，蒋海明 ，刘科伟 ，王明洋 1
1,2
1
2
（1. 陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室，江苏 南京 210007；
2. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院，湖南 长沙 410083）

摘要： 基于弹性力学平面应变问题假设，建立了地应力下岩体预裂爆破理论模型。通过 Laplace 变换和数值反演
的方法分析了爆炸应力波的衰减规律，讨论了地应力对岩体预裂爆破应力场分布的影响。此外，采用显式动力学有限
元方法，模拟了静水压力和非静水压力条件下岩体预裂爆破的压力演化过程和裂纹扩展行为，并通过 Hough 变换的方
法定量表征了爆炸裂纹的分布特征。研究结果表明：深部岩体预裂爆破成缝困难主要是由于地应力削弱了爆炸引起
的切向拉应力作用，孔间岩体质点因切向位移受限而无法形成拉伸破裂面，拉伸破裂成缝机制通过切向拉应力演化和
质点位移矢量变化得以验证。基于应力波叠加破坏理论提出的预裂爆破孔间成缝准则可以预测岩体孔间裂纹是否贯
穿，得到的不同地应力条件下装药直径和孔距的关系可用于指导预裂孔布置方式，从而为深部岩体预裂爆破提供理论指导。
关键词： 预裂爆破；地应力；成缝机制；理论模型；深部岩体
中图分类号： O383 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Effect of in-situ stress on fracture formation process of
rock mass in presplit blasting

1
2
1,2
MA Sizhou , JIANG Haiming , LIU Kewei , WANG Mingyang 1
（1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion & Impact and Disaster Prevention & Mitigation,
Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China;
2. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China）

Abstract: The evolution and distribution characteristics of cracks in presplit blasting can be significantly affected by the in-
situ stress, often leading to issues such as over or under excavation in deep rock masses. In this paper, a theoretical model for
presplit blasting under in-situ stress in rock engineering was developed based on the assumption of plane-strain problem of
elastic mechanics. The propagation and attenuation of explosion stress waves were analyzed using a combination of Laplace
transforms and numerical inversion. Furthermore, the impact of initial static stress on the blasting-induced dynamic stress field
distribution in presplitting was examined and discussed. The Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT) model in LS-DYNA code was
employed to investigate the dynamic mechanical behavior of rock mass, and its material parameters were calibrated by
comparing blasting crack patterns and the explosion pressure attenuation curves. Then, the validated model was used to
simulate the damage features of rock presplit blasting under both hydrostatic and anisotropy pressure conditions, thereby
analyzing the effects of the static stress and the dynamic pressure on the crack extension behavior. In addition, the distribution
characteristics of blasting cracks are quantitatively characterized by the Hough transform method. The results indicate that the
difficulty in crack coalescence for deep rock presplit blasting is primarily attributed to the reduction of tangential tensile stress
caused by the in-situ stress. This prevents the formation of tensile fracture planes between boreholes due to restricted tangential

* 收稿日期： 2024-09-28；修回日期： 2025-02-19
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（42102331, 52334003, 52274249, 51974360）
第一作者： 马泗洲（1995－ ），男，博士研究生，sizhou_ma@126.com
通信作者： 蒋海明（1989－ ），男，博士，副教授，jhm2002@163.com

095201-1