Page 37 - 《摩擦学学报》2021年第6期

822 摩 擦 学 学 报 第 41 卷

increased, while the average friction coefficient of Cu9Ni6Sn first decreased, then increased and then decreased. The
maximum average friction coefficients were 0.67 at 72 N for QSn7-0.2.. CuZn31Si1 had an average friction coefficient
of 0.55 at 72 N, and a maximum value of 0.61 at 108 N. Cu9Ni6Sn had a maximum average of 0.53 at 72 N. By
increasing the rotation speed, the average friction coefficient of QSn7-0.2, CuZn31Si1, Cu9Ni6Sn consistent increased
first and then decreased. At a speed of 0.36 m/s, the average friction coefficients of QSn7-0.2, CuZn31Si1, Cu9Ni6Sn
were the largest respectively 0.67, 0.55, 0.53. By increasing the load, the wear rate of QSn7-0.2 first decreased, then
increased, and then decreased. The wear rate of CuZn31Si1 gradual increased. The wear rate of Cu9Ni6Sn increased and
3
−4
then decreased. At a load of 72 N, the wear rate of QSn7-0.2 was 9.111 5×10 mm /(N·m), which was 2.4 times and 2.6
−4 3
times the wear rate of CuZn31Si1 and Cu9Ni6Sn. At 108 N, the wear rate of CuZn31Si1 was 3.710×10 mm /(N·m).
The average wear rate of QSn7-0.2, CuZn31Si1 and Cu9Ni6Sn increased first and then decreased with the increase of
−4 3
rotating speed. The maximum wear rates of CuZn31Si1 and Cu9Ni6Sn were 7.777 4×10 mm /(N·m) and 5.232 1×
−4
3
10 mm /(N·m) at a rotation speed of 0.24 m/s. At a rotation speed of 0.36 m/s, the maximum wear rate of QSn7-0.2 was
3
−4
9.111 5×10 mm /(N·m). At a speed of 0.36 m/s and a test load of 72 N, the worn surface of QSn7-0.2 showed large
areas of adhesive wear pits and massively abrasive particles, suggesting adhesive wear. When the test load was 108 N,
thin and deep furrowed scratches and large area of adhesive spalling pits appeared on the worn surface of CuZn31Si1,
indicating abrasive wear and adhesive wear. Cu9Ni6Sn's worn surface had several adjacent spalling pits and many pits,
which was evidence of fatigue wear. Under the condition of a load of 72 N and a rotation speed of 0.36 m/s, the worn
surface of QSn7-0.2 had furrowed scratches and adhesive spalling pits, and the surface damage was more severe. This
was a typically adhesive wear phenomenon accompanied by mild abrasive wear. The worn surface of CuZn31Si1 had a
large area of spalling pits, and a plastic deformation in the form of pushing and corrugated, which belonged to abrasive
wear and mild plastic deformation wear. The worn surface of Cu9Ni6Sn showed shallow furrowed scratches and
corrugated plastic deformation, which belonged to mild plastic deformation wear accompanied by mild abrasive wear.
At the same time, the wear condition of the friction surface was also affected by elements such as carbon and oxygen on
the worn surface. The adsorbed carbon species on the wear surface played a role in reducing wear, thereby reducing the
friction coefficient and reducing the wear. Under the action of frictional heat, the oxidation of metal elements had a
bearing and lubricating effect. By incxreasing the load and speed, the values of average friction coefficient and wear rate
were Cu9Ni6Sn<CuZn31Si1<QSn7-0.2. When the load increaseds, the wear mechanism of QSn7-0.2 varied from
abrasive wear to adhesive wear; The wear mechanism of CuZn31Si1 changed from plastically deformed wear with mild
abrasive wear to abrasive and adhesive wear. The wear mechanism of Cu9Ni6Sn changed from mild abrasive and
plastically deformed wear to fatigue wear. When the rotational speed increased, the wear mechanism of QSn7-0.2
changed from plastically deformed wear to adhesive wear, and the whole process was accompanied by mild abrasive
wear. The wear mechanism of CuZn31Si1 changed from abrasive wear to plastically deformed wear. The wear
mechanism of Cu9Ni6Sn changed from slightly abrasive wear to coexistence of abrasive wear and plastically deformed
wear.
Key words: plain bearing; QSn7-0.2; CuZn31Si1; Cu9Ni6Sn; friction coefficient; wear mechainsm

[6]
铜合金材料具备良好的导热性、承载性、耐高温 合数值模拟研究了锡青铜的摩擦学特性. 杨锋 探讨
性和耐磨性等优点，是迄今滑动轴承、轴瓦和衬套等 了旋压成形锡青铜滑动轴承材料的摩擦磨损性能. 此
关键性零部件使用最多的材料，在大型机械、军工装 外，为了满足工程应用和环境的需求，对锡青铜进行
[10]
[9]
备和航天工程等领域被广泛使用 [1-3] . 随着我国发动机 表面改性 [7-8] 、表面织构 、加入添加剂 以及无铅化处
[12]
[11]
功率的不断提升，高温、高压和贫油的恶劣工作环境 理 . Tang等 研究了Cu-40Zn合金在单向和双向滑
[13]
使滑动轴承容易发生干摩擦现象，造成严重磨损，因 动磨损过程中的性能. Cho等 将超声纳米晶表面改
此对滑动轴承铜合金材料摩擦磨损性能提出较高的 性技术应用于铜锌合金圆盘试样，研究了五种不同条
[4]
要求 . 干摩擦条件下铜合金摩擦件的摩擦学问题成 件下的纳米晶表面改性对形变孪晶磨损的影响.
[14]
为近几年来的研究热点之一. Wang等 探讨了润滑与载荷对Cu9Ni6Sn合金薄板摩
关于滑动轴承铜合金材料的摩擦学问题，已有部 擦学性能. Cai等 [15-16] 研究了不同磨损试验参数对铜镍
[5]
分学者做了相关方面的研究. 王雪 运用试验手段结 锡青铜晶体结构和结构转变的潜在影响，以及在干滑