Page 42 - 《真空与低温》2026年第2期

第 32 卷 第 2 期 真空与低温
2026 年 3 月 Vacuum and Cryogenics 161

磁 补 偿 模 拟 低 重 力 场 下 液 氧 气 泡 非 等 温

运 动 特 性 的 实 验 研 究

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徐 然 ，俞凌筠 ，肖明堃 ，曹庆泰 ，吴静怡 ，杨 光 1*
（1. 上海交通大学 制冷与低温工程研究所，上海 200240；2. 上海卫星工程研究所，上海 201109）
摘要：微重力环境下低温推进剂的气液分离效率制约其稳定输送。受实验条件限制，相关低温微重力实验数
据仍然匮乏，非等温条件下的气液界面演化机理尚缺乏系统认识。针对上述问题，论文以液氧为研究对象，基于
磁重力补偿原理，在地面构建了一套重力水平连续可调的液氧气液分离实验平台。通过使用金属筛网分离构件，
系统研究了不同等效重力条件和入口温度下液氧中气泡的动力学行为及其气液分离性能。结合高速成像与同步
参数测量，揭示了气液界面在筛网约束下的动态演化过程，重点分析了入口温度变化对气泡形态特征及临界泡破
压力的影响规律。结果表明，入口温度与重力水平对气泡形态具有显著耦合作用；在气液分离性能方面，随着入
口温度升高，金属筛网的临界泡破压力呈现明显下降趋势。在常重力条件下，入口温度为 96 K 时临界泡破压力
为 0.042 MPa，而当入口温度升高至 102 K 时，该压力降低至约 0.011 MPa。上述研究为揭示微/低重力条件下低温
推进剂气液分离机理提供了实验依据。
关键词：气液分离；多孔介质；气泡动力学；低温推进剂
中图分类号：TB657 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7086（2026）02-0161-08
DOI：10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2026.02.006

Experimental Study on Non-isothermal Bubble Dynamics in Liquid Oxygen under a
Magnetically Compensated Simulated Low Gravity Field

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XU Ran ，YU Lingjun ，XIAO Mingkun ，CAO Qingtai ，WU Jingyi ，YANG Guang 1*
（1. Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240，China；
2. Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering，Shanghai 201109，China）
Abstract：The efficiency of gas–liquid separation for cryogenic propellants critically constrains their stable storage and
transport in propulsion systems operating under microgravity conditions. In the absence of sufficient buoyancy，gas–liquid
separation becomes increasingly dependent on interfacial phenomena，which are highly sensitive to both thermal and gravita-
tional effects. However，owing to the technical challenges associated with cryogenic fluids and reduced-gravity environments，
experimental data obtained under low-temperature microgravity conditions remain extremely limited. As a result，the mecha-
nisms governing gas–liquid interfacial evolution and bubble breakthrough under non-isothermal conditions have not yet been
systematically clarified.To address this issue，liquid oxygen was selected as the working fluid，and a ground-based gas–liquid
separation experimental platform with continuously adjustable effective gravity was developed based on the principle of mag-
netic gravity compensation. This platform enables controlled simulation of micro- and low-gravity environments while main-
taining precise thermal boundary conditions. A metallic screen was employed as the gas–liquid separation element used in
cryogenic propellant management systems. The bubble dynamics in liquid oxygen and the corresponding gas–liquid separa-
tion performance were systematically investigated under a range of effective gravity levels and inlet temperature conditions.
High-speed imaging was combined with synchronized measurements of pressure and temperature to capture the dynamic evo-

收稿日期：2025−12−16
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（52276013）；上海市市级科技重大专项
作者简介：徐然，博士研究生。E-mail：ran.xu@sjtu.edu.cn
通信作者：杨光，工学博士，副教授。E-mail：y_g@sjtu.edu.cn