Page 55 - 《中国药科大学学报》2026年第2期

学报
Journal of China Pharmaceutical University 2026, 57(2): 181 − 188 181

毒品原植物 DNA 鉴定方法研究进展

冉靖芝 ，王彦坤 ，徐 鹏 ，苏梦翔 ，闫楷明 ，燕 瑾 2,4*
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（ 中国药科大学药学院, 南京 210009； 国家禁毒委员会办公室-中国药科大学禁毒关键技术联合实验室, 北京 100193； 北京
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中仪康卫医疗器械有限公司, 北京 102600； 毒品监测管控与禁毒关键技术公安部重点实验室公安部禁毒情报技术中心, 北京
100193； 北京市第三十五中学, 北京 100032）
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摘 要 毒品原植物因可提炼毒品及毒品前体成分受到各国的严格管控。除传统的大麻、罂粟、古柯三大核心毒品原植物
外，近年来，含精神活性成分而具有成瘾性的植物在全球范围内的滥用问题日益凸显，建立针对此类植物的精准鉴定方法已
成为禁毒领域的迫切需求。在鉴定技术体系中，传统形态学鉴定与化学成分鉴定方法的应用历史悠久，但存在明显局限性；
而基于 DNA 序列的分子鉴定方法凭借其高特异性、高稳定性等优势，近年来取得了长足发展。本文从 DNA 分子标记技术、
DNA 条形码技术及新兴分子生物学技术 3 个方面对当前毒品原植物 DNA 鉴定方法进行了综述，详细阐述各类技术的原理、
技术特点、应用场景及研究进展，为不同特定场景下毒品原植物 DNA 鉴定策略的科学选择提供参考依据。
关键词 毒品原植物；DNA 鉴定；分子标记；DNA 条形码
中图分类号 D918;R996.2 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1000−5048(2026)02−0181−08
doi：10.11665/j.issn.1000−5048.2025101702

引用本文 冉靖芝，王彦坤，徐鹏，等. 毒品原植物 DNA 鉴定方法研究进展 [J]. 中国药科大学学报，2026，57（2）：181-188.

Cite this article as: RAN Jingzhi, WANG Yankun, XU Peng, et al. Research progress on DNA identification methods of narcotic plants[J]. J
China Pharm Univ, 2026, 57(2): 181-188.

Research progress on DNA identification methods of narcotic plants
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RAN Jingzhi , WANG Yankun , XU Peng , SU Mengxiang , YAN Kaiming , YAN Jin 2,4*
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School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-
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China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193; Peking SinoJene
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Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic
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Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193; Beijing No.35 High School, Beijing 100032, China
Abstract Narcotic plants are strictly regulated worldwide due to their ability to extract drug alkaloids and drug
precursor components. Besides the three traditional core species, cannabis, opium poppy, and coca, the misuse of
psychoactive plants with addictive properties has become increasingly prevalent globally in recent years, and the
establishment of accurate identification methods for such plants has become an urgent need in the field of
narcotics control. Within existing identification frameworks, the conventional morphological and chemical
analysis methods, despite their long-term application, have demonstrated considerable limitations. In contrast,
DNA-based molecular identification techniques have achieved significant advancement in recent years due to
their high specificity and stability. This review comprehensively examines current DNA-based identification
approaches for narcotic plants through three key dimensions: DNA molecular marker technology, DNA
barcoding technology, and emerging molecular biological techniques, and elaborates on the principles, technical
characteristics, application scenarios, and research progress of each technology, providing some reference for the
scientific selection of DNA identification strategies for narcotic plants in different specific scenarios.
Key words narcotic plant; DNA identification; molecular marker; DNA barcoding

收稿日期 2025-10-17 * 通信作者 E-mail：renxing_700@163.com
基金项目 “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3300900）