Page 154 - 《中国电力》2026年第4期

第 59 卷 第 4 期 Vol. 59, No. 4
2026 年 4 月 ELECTRIC POWER Apr. 2026

引用格式：庞越侠, 张姝月, 周亚泽, 等. 国外电力容量市场机制及对中国的启示[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(4): 150−164.
Citation: PANG Yuexia, ZHANG Shuyue, ZHOU Yaze, et al. Electricity capacity market mechanisms in foreign countries and their implications for
China[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(4): 150−164.

国外电力容量市场机制及对中国的启示

庞越侠 ，张姝月 ，周亚泽 ，戴文怡 ，李佳霖 ，马原 ，吕媛 2
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(1. 北京工业大学 经济与管理学院，北京 100124；2. 华北电力大学 经济与管理学院，北京 102206；
3. 国网能源研究院有限公司，北京 102209)
Electricity capacity market mechanisms in foreign countries and
their implications for China

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PANG Yuexia , ZHANG Shuyue , ZHOU Yaze , DAI Wenyi , LI Jialin , MA Yuan , LYU Yuan 2
(1. School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; 2. School of Economics and
Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; 3. State Grid Energy Research
Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China)

Abstract: With the increasing share of renewable energy This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation
integration into the grid, the utilization hours of traditional of China (No.72204015), R&D Program of Beijing Municipal
fossil fuel power units have declined. The inadequate fixed cost Education Commission (No.SM202310005003).
recovery mechanism has hindered their transformation into Keywords: capacity market of Ireland; capacity market of UK;
regulating or backup units, leading existing thermal power units US PJM; capacity cost allocation; capacity bidding
to be more inclined to exit the market and further exacerbating
capacity shortages in the power system during peak load 摘 要：随着可再生能源并网比例增加，传统化石能源
periods. Against this backdrop, this paper selects three 机组利用小时数降低，固定成本回收机制不完善使其向
representative capacity markets—Ireland, Great Britain, and the 调节或备用机组转型的渠道受阻，存量火电更倾向于退
PJM Interconnection in the United States—as case studies. It 出市场，会进一步加剧电力系统峰荷时期容量缺口。首
systematically examines the operation of their capacity markets 先，以爱尔兰、英国与美国 PJM 3 个典型容量市场为研究
对 象 ， 系 统 梳 理 其 容 量 市 场 运 行 和 容 量 成 本 分 摊 机 制 ，
and the mechanisms for allocating capacity costs, with a focus
重 点 分 析 不 同 市 场 的 实 际 运 行 成 效 与 面 临 的 问 题 。 然
on analyzing the practical outcomes and challenges faced by
后 ， 从 制 度 目 标 、 市 场 结 构 及 调 节 资 源 配 置 逻 辑 等 角
each market. Furthermore, from the perspectives of institutional
度，提炼三国容量市场的共性规律与差异化路径，并总
objectives, market structure, and the logic of balancing resource
结 其 在 高 比 例 可 再 生 能 源 条 件 下 的 适 应 性 表 现 。 最 后 ，
allocation, this study extracts common patterns and
结合中国电力市场的实际情况，从市场设计、成本分摊
differentiated approaches across the three capacity markets,
与市场衔接等方面提出国外容量市场实践对中国相关发
summarizing their adaptability under high renewable energy
展的启示与建议，为推动中国能源转型提供参考。
penetration. Finally, in light of the actual conditions of China's
关键词：爱尔兰容量市场；英国容量市场；美国 PJM；容
electricity market, this paper puts forward implications and
量成本分摊；容量拍卖
recommendations from foreign capacity market practices for
DOI：10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509021

the relevant development of China in terms of market design,
cost allocation, and market coordination, so as to provide a
reference for advancing China's energy transition. 0 引言
收稿日期：2025−09−08； 修回日期：2026−01−30。 随着可再生能源并网比例增加，传统化石能
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（72204015）；北 源机组利用小时数降低，使得其固定成本回收困
京市教育委员会科研计划资助项目（SM202310005003）。 难，缺乏从发电机组向调节或备用机组转变的动

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