Page 5 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第5期
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第 39 卷第 5 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 5
2026 年 5 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering May 2026
时 变 特 性 驱 动 的 模 态 参 数 跟 踪 方 法
朱 锐 1,2,3 , 孟 威 1,2,3 , 雷 鸣 , 李轶林 1,2,3 , 费庆国 1,2,3
4
(1. 东南大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 211189; 2. 高速飞行器结构与热防护教育部重点实验室,江苏 南京 211189;
3. 江苏省空天机械装备工程研究中心,江苏 南京 211189; 4. 西北工业大学航空学院,陕西 西安 710072)
摘要:航空航天结构在服役过程中受燃油消耗、温度变化等因素影响,其动力学特性呈现显著的时变特征。准确跟踪此类时
变模态参数,对保障飞行器安全和性能优化至关重要。本文针对传统模态识别方法在航空航天场景中传感器依赖度高、计算
效率低等问题,提出一种基于初始试验频响函数(FRF)的时变特征驱动模态参数跟踪方法。通过模态试验获取结构初始状态
下的频响函数信息。监测结构质量或刚度等时变特性,利用 Sherman-Morrison 公式实现不同时刻状态下频响函数的快速更
新。将修正后的频响函数代入传统模态分析中,实现对模态参数的动态跟踪。通过时变系统的数值仿真,验证了该方法的有
效性,并通过蒙特卡罗抽样方法验证了其具有较好的鲁棒性。进一步,开展了变质量圆筒时变结构地面试验研究,基频跟踪
最大误差仅为 3.66%。在火箭监测、深空探测、低温贮箱动态变化等场景下,该方法能在无响应传感器条件下有效跟踪模态
参数,提升飞行器在复杂工况下的安全性与可靠性。
关键词: 模态跟踪;时变模态;频响函数;Sherman-Morrison
中图分类号:V214;O324;TB123 文献标志码:A DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202510003
Modal parameter tracking method driven by time-varying characteristics
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ZHU Rui 1,2,3 ,MENG Wei 1,2,3 ,LEI Ming ,LI Yilin 1,2,3 ,FEI Qingguo 1,2,3
(1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;2.Key Laboratory of Structure and Thermal Protection
for High-Speed Aircraft Ministry of Education,Nanjing 211189,China;3.Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aerospace Machinery,
Nanjing 211189,China;4.School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)
Abstract:Aerospace structures exhibit significant time-varying characteristics in their dynamical behaviors over the course of service owing to
fuel depletion,temperature excursions and so on. Reliable tracking of the resulting time-varying modal parameters is essential for ensuring
flight safety and optimizing performance. To address the high sensor dependence and low computational efficiency of conventional modal
identification in aerospace settings,this study develops a time-varying and feature-driven approach for modal parameter tracking that builds
upon the initially measured experimental frequency response function (FRF). A modal test furnishes the FRF of the structure in its baseline
state. By monitoring time-varying in properties such as mass or stiffness,the FRF at subsequent instants is rapidly updated via the Sherman-
Morrison rank-one formula. The corrected FRF is incorporated into traditional modal analysis to realize dynamical tracking of the modal
parameters. Numerical studies on time-varying systems substantiate the effectiveness of the method,while Monte Carlo sampling demonstrates
its robustness. Further validation is provided by a ground experiment on a variable-mass cylindrical structure,for which the maximum tracking
error of the fundamental frequency is only 3.66%. The method enables effective tracking of modal parameters in the absence of response
measurements in scenarios such as launch-vehicle health monitoring and the dynamical evolution of cryogenic propellant tanks for deep-space
missions,thereby enhancing safety and reliability under complex operating conditions.
Keywords:modal tracking;time-varying modal;frequency response function;Sherman-Morrison
在航空航天、深空探测等领域,时变系统动力学 重复使用运载器由于采用液氢等低温燃料,其贮箱
特性的准确识别对保障系统安全与性能优化至关重 长期处于极端低温环境,导致结构完整性下降,传感
要 [1-3] 。运载火箭在飞行过程中因燃料快速消耗和各 器性能下降,从而使低温贮箱的结构健康监测面临
级结构分离,质量参数表现出显著的时变特征 。可 严峻挑战 。
[5]
[4]
收稿日期:2025-10-08;修订日期:2025-11-11
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52125209,52402446,52532012);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20241261);
中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(YESS20240232);中央高校基础科学项目(3202002501C1)

