Page 43 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第3期

第 39 卷第 3 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 3
2026 年 3 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Mar. 2026

可编程 3D 打印的非对称双稳态压电振动

能量采集器性能研究

张海彬， 李康康， 汪御飞， 陈渊博， 王光庆

（浙江工商大学信息与电子工程学院（萨塞克斯人工智能学院），浙江 杭州 310018）

摘要: 物联网中海量低功耗无线传感器的自供电问题是微电子技术领域的热点问题，至今未得到很好的解决。传统磁耦合式
双稳态压电振动能量采集器由于频带窄、效率低等缺陷无法满足低功耗无线传感器的自供电需求。为了提升双稳态压电振动
能量采集器的综合输出性能，本文设计了一种可编程 3D 打印的非对称双稳态压电振动能量采集器，利用可编程设计和 3D 打
印制作的非对称势能阱轨道结构代替传统磁耦合结构产生非线性排斥力，激发悬臂梁产生大幅值的阱间运动，从而提升压电
振动能量采集器的工作频带和发电效率。本文利用哈密顿能量法和拉格朗日方程建立了双稳态压电振动能量采集器的非线
性机电耦合动力学方程，仿真和试验研究了不同势能阱轨道结构参数对压电振动能量采集器动态输出性能的影响。研究结果
表明：设计的三种可编程轨道结构压电振动能量采集器的工作频带分别为 4.6、2.6 和 1.7 Hz，归一化功率输出密度分别达到
16.163、15.6 和 14.151 mW∙cm ∙g ∙Hz ，满足低功耗无线传感器的自供电要求。本文所提出的可编程 3D 打印设计方法灵活
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简便，用户可以根据不同的传感器外部环境定制个性化的非对称/对称型多稳态压电振动能量采集器。
关键词: 双稳态压电振动能量采集器； 非对称势能阱； 可编程设计； 3D 打印； 无线自供电
中图分类号: TM91； TN384 文献标志码: A DOI：10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202406006

Performance of programmable 3D printed asymmetric bistable

piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

ZHANG Haibin， LI Kangkang， WANG Yufei， CHEN Yuanbo， WANG Guangqing
（School of Information and Electronic Engineering （Sussex Artificial Intelligence Institute）， Zhejiang Gongshang University，
Hangzhou 310018， China）

Abstract: The self-powering problem of massive low-power wireless sensors in the internet of things （IOTs） is a hot topic in the
microelectronics field， and has not been well solved so far. The traditional magnetically coupled bistable piezoelectric vibration
energy harvester cannot meet the self-powering needs due to its narrow bandwidth and low efficiency. In order to improve the
comprehensive output performance of the bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester， this paper presents a programmable 3D
printed asymmetric bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. An asymmetric potential energy well raceway designed by
programmable and 3D printing techniques replaces the traditional magnetic coupling structure to a generate nonlinear repulsion
force， which excites the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester to generate an inter-well motion with a large amplitude， thereby
improving the working bandwidth and generation efficiency of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. A nonlinear
electromechanical coupling dynamic equation for the presented bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester was established
using Hamilton energy method and Lagrange equation. The influences of different parameters of the programmable raceway on the
dynamic output performance of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester were simulated and experimentally studied. The
research results indicate that the operating frequency bands of the three programmable raceway structure piezoelectric vibration
energy harvesters are 4.6， 2.6 and 1.7 Hz， respectively. The normalized power output densities reach 16.163， 15.6 and 14.151 mW∙
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cm ∙g ∙Hz ， respectively， which meet the self-powering supply requirements of low-power wireless sensors. The programmable
design method based on 3D printing proposed in this article has the advantage of being simple and flexible. Users can customize the
personalized bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to different external environments of sensors.
Keywords: bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester；asymmetric potential energy well；programmable design；3D printing；
wireless self-powering

收稿日期: 2024-06-04； 修订日期: 2024-07-08
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52475611，51777192）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LY24E070002）；浙江省
教育厅项目（Y202250102）