Page 118 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第2期

第 39 卷第 2 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 2
2026 年 2 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Feb. 2026

路 基 不 均 匀 沉 降 引 起 的 轨 道 损 伤 变 形

及 其 对 车 轨 动 力 响 应 的 影 响 分 析

李国芳， 张向钰， 高全福， 马理超， 吴少培， 李得洋， 李宏洲

（兰州交通大学机电工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730070）

摘要：为探究路基沉降区段无砟轨道损伤变形对行车安全性和轨道服役性能的影响规律，基于有限元方法和混凝土塑性损伤
本构理论，建立考虑结构配筋及轨道结构层间粘接关系的 CRTSⅡ 型板式无砟轨道精细化非线性分析模型，研究沉降位置、波
长、幅值对轨道结构变形损伤的影响规律；基于有限元-多体系统动力学方法（FE-MBD），建立高速车辆-轨道-路基耦合系统动
力学模型，分析不均匀沉降下高速铁路车-线-路基耦合系统动力响应。结果表明：当沉降位置发生在宽窄接缝处时，钢轨位移
最大，且轨道板最先产生宏观裂纹；车体垂向加速度与轮轨垂向力对沉降幅值敏感，随沉降幅值的增大明显增加；轮轨垂向力
及轨道结构的振动响应随沉降波长的增加均呈现先增大后减小的趋势，当沉降波长≤15m 时，路基沉降对车轨系统动力响应
的不利影响尤为显著，应予以重视。研究结论可为路基沉降区高速铁路运营及线路不均匀沉降病害防治提供参考。
关键词： 高速铁路；无砟轨道；塑性损伤；内聚力模型；沉降变形；轮轨关系；耦合振动
中图分类号：U260.11 文献标志码：A DOI：10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202401082

Analysis of damage and deformation of track induced by nonuniform settlement
of subgrade and its influence on vehicle-track dynamic response

LI Guofang，ZHANG Xiangyu，GAO Quanfu，MA Lichao，WU Shaopei，LI Deyang，LI Hongzhou
（School of Mechanical Engineering，Lanzhou Jiaotong University，Lanzhou 730070，China）

Abstract：In order to investigate the influence of settlement-induced deformation on the safety and operational performance of ballastless track
in the subgrade settlement section，a refined nonlinear analysis model for CRTS II slab ballastless track considering the structural reinforcement
and inter-layer adhesion between track components was established based on the finite element method and concrete plastic damage constitutive
theory. The effect of settlement position， wavelength， and amplitude on the deformation and damage of the track structure was studied.
Furthermore， a dynamic coupling model of high-speed vehicle-track-subgrade system was established using the finite element-multi-body
dynamics (FE-MBD) method to analyze the dynamic response of the coupled system under differential settlement. The results indicate that
when settlement occurs at the joint between the wide and narrow sections，the rail displacement is the largest，and macroscopic cracks occur
first in the track slab. The vertical acceleration of the carbody and the vertical force between the wheel and the rail are sensitive to the settlement
amplitude，showing an obvious increasing trend with the increase in settlement amplitude. The vertical force between the wheel and the rail，
as well as the vibration response of the track structure， exhibit an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend with the increase in
settlement wavelength. Settlement-induced deformation and its increased amplitude below a settlement wavelength of 15 m have a significant
impact on the dynamic response of the vehicle-track system and should be given due attention. The research conclusions can provide reference
for the operation of high-speed railways in subgrade settlement areas and the prevention and control of uneven settlement-related track diseases.
Keywords：high-speed railway；ballastless track；plastic damage；cohesive force model；settlement deformation；wheel-rail relationship；coupled
vibration

既有铁路运营情况表明，在软土和松软土地基 降极易导致无砟轨道结构产生变形与损伤，如层间
[1]
上修建路基，常易产生不均匀沉降 。路基不均匀沉 离缝、砂浆层掉块、窜出等问题。当高速列车通过

收稿日期：2024-01-27；修订日期：2024-04-06
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (12162020)；甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目 (22JR5RA329)；石家庄铁道大学省部共
建 交 通 工 程 结 构 力 学 行 为 与 系 统 安 全 国 家 重 点 实 验 室 开 放 课（ KF2025-07） ； 兰 州 交 通 大 学 重 点 研 发 项 目
(ZDYF2302)；兰州交通大学基础研究拔尖人才项目 (2022JC14)