Page 46 - 《渔业研究》2026年第2期

第 2 期 吴 斌等：基于线粒体 DNA Cyt b、12S rRNA 和 D-loop 序列的铜鱼养殖群体遗传多样性分析 189

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Analysis of genetic diversity of the cultured Coreius heterodon population based
on mitochondrial DNA Cyt b, 12S rRNA, and D-loop sequences

*
WU Bin，HE Gang，TAO Zhiying，DENG Yonghui ，GUO Yining，YUAN Jiaxin
(Jiangxi Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Nanchang 330039, China)

Abstract: [Objective] In this study, the genetic diversity of the cultured Coreius heterodon population was
analyzed by using the sequences of mitochondrial DNA Cyt b, 12S rRNA and displacement loop region
(D-Loop), and the genetic diversity and genetic structure were preliminarily understood. [Methods] PCR amp-
lification and Sanger sequencing were performed using previously designed primers targeting the mitochondrial
Cyt b, 12S rRNA, and D-Loop regions. The genetic diversity parameters were calculated by DNASP 6.12 soft-
ware. The MEGA 11.0 software was used to analyze the base composition and variable sites of the DNA se-
quences. The genetic distances among haplotypes were calculated by the Kimura two-parameter model. The
haplotype phylogenetic trees based on complete sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region were con-
structed by neighbor-joining (NJ) method and the maximum likelihood (ML) method. [Results] The sequences
of mitochondrial DNA Cyt b, 12S rRNA, and D-loop used for analysis were 1 110−1 147 bp, 425−445 bp, and
972−1 023 bp, with average lengths 1 122.77, 430.00, and 1 000.47 bp, and median lengths of 1 122, 429, and 1
001 bp, respectively. A total of 8, 1, 14 variable sites, and 22, 19, 30 haplotypes were identified in the mitochon-
drial DNA Cyt b, 12S rRNA and D-loop, respectively, with genetic distance between haplotypes ranging from 0
to 0.004, 0 to 0.005, and 0 to 0.007, respectively. The average haplotype diversities based on mitochondrial
DNA Cyt b, 12S rRNA, and D-loop were 0.547±0.010 5, 0.186±0.007 8, and 0.885±0.001 3, respectively; the
average nucleotide diversities were 0.000 76, 0.000 44, and 0.002 58, respectively; and the average number of
nucleotide differences was 0.830, 0.186, and 2.432, respectively. Mismatch-distribution showed a unimodal pat-
tern, and Tajima’s D value was negative (D=−1.04, P>0.01) in the neutrality test, but the statistical result was
not significant. [Conclusion] The genetic diversity of the cultured C. heterodon population is relatively low,
and there is extensive gene flow between haplotypes, with no genetic differentiation of the population, but the
cultured C. heterodon population has undergone a population decline. Therefore, establishing a broodstock pop-
ulation with rich genetic diversity for artificial breeding of C. heterodon, solving the problem of broodstock cul-
tivation, and continuously expanding the scale of C. heterodon farming population is the primary task.
Key words: Coreius heterodon; Cyt b; 12S rRNA; D-loop sequences; genetic diversity