Page 41 - 《渔业研究》2025年第5期

582 渔 业 研 究 第 47 卷

［71］ Amoah K, Huang Q C, Tan B P, et al. Dietary supple- microflora, immune response, and disease confrontation
mentation of probiotic Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Fish
improves the growth performance, intestinal morphology, & Shellfish Immunology, 2019, 87: 796 − 808.

Virulence evolution mechanisms and ecological control strategies of Vibrio spp.
causing shrimp translucent post-larva vibriosis

1
1*
CUI Han ，LIU Lingke ，LIU Haipeng 1,2*
(1. College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
2. Fujian Innovation Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Xiamen 361001, China)

Abstract: [Objective] This review elucidates the pivotal virulence evolution pathway of Vibrio spp. respons-
ible for translucent post-larva vibriosis (Vp ), a disease that causes high mortality in post-larval shrimp. It then
TPV
clarifies the mechanisms behind the resultant high lethality. Finally, the review aims to provide a foundation for
developing novel inhibitors that attenuate these virulence factors and for designing pathogen-specific control
strategies. These efforts are crucial for safeguarding broodstock security and supporting the sustainable develop-
ment of the aquaculture industry. [Progress] TPV, also referred to as highly lethal Vibrio disease (HLVD), is a
severe bacterial affliction that poses a significant threat to the global shrimp aquaculture sector. This disease pre-
dominantly affects Penaeus vannamei during the post-larval developmental stages (PL4−PL12), inducing mor-
tality rates as high as 90% within 48 hours of onset, leading to substantial economic losses across major shrimp-
producing nations, including China and Vietnam. The disease exhibits multi-source pathogenicity, predomin-
antly caused by V. parahaemolyticus, but V. alginolyticus and V. campbellii can also be implicated. Importantly,
TPV pathogens pose risks of cross-host and cross-regional transmission. Plasmid-encoded toxins represent the
core virulence determinants mediating host invasion and tissue damage. Through the expression of toxin com-
plexes (Tc) or Vibrio high virulent psrotein 2 (VHVP-2), these pathogens induce intestinal barrier collapse and
hepatopancreatic necrosis, ultimately leading to tissue degeneration and structural dissolution. At the evolution-
ary level, plasmid-borne virulence genes undergo frequent transfer and recombination driven by transposons and
type Ⅳ secretion systems (T4SS), generating novel hybrid plasmids and enhancing both adaptability and patho-
genicity.To address this bacteriological epizootic that severely compromises penaeid aquaculture, the present
work systematically integrates TPV’s etiological foundations, molecular pathogenesis, and sustainable mitiga-
tion paradigms. This synthesis delineates the diversity of pathogenic Vibrio and the mechanisms of virulence
evolution, elucidates toxin-mediated host cellular injury pathways, and establishes sustainable control strategies
based on early diagnostics and ecological interventions. [Significance] In response, this review proposes an in-
tegrated, ecology-based strategy for disease management: blocking pathogen introduction via broodstock quar-
antine and specific pathogen free lines, monitoring and regulating water quality and microbial communities, and
complementing with phage therapy, probiotics, and immune enhancers to establish a “source blocking-environ-
mental optimization-targeted intervention-rapid response” defense framework. By utilizing this conceptual
framework, it is imperative that future research include a thorough examination of toxin-host interaction dynam-
ics, alongside the advancement of disease-resistant germplasm development and environmentally adaptive inter-
vention technologies. These technologies are necessary to mitigate the risks of epizootic emergence and patho-
gen dissemination.
Key words: Penaeus vannamei; shrimp translucent post-larva vibriosis; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; pathological
mechanism; bacterial diseases