Page 53 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAEndInjury and illness in short-course triathletes 175

TaggedAPTARAH23.2. Characteristics of included studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd Table 2
TaggedAPTARACaptionOxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM) level of evidence for
TaggedAPTARAPTwenty-six of the 42 (62%) included studies were of a cohort case report studies (Level 4). TaggedAPTARAEnd
design, 9,10,21,23,26,28,29,31,3956 1 study was a case-control
design, 57 and 15 (36%) were case reports. 20,22,24,25,27, Studies and OCEMB level of evidenceTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARATbody
30,3234,5863 20
Over a third (n = 15; 36%) of the included studies Brunelle et al. (2016) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
58
were published in 2017 or later. Twenty-three of the included Casey et al. (2014) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 59
studies (55%) investigated injury, 9,10,2123,2528,34,39,41, Collins & Gilden (2016) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
22
Cushman & Rho (2015) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
43,45,46,51,53,55,56,59,60,62,63
24 (57%) investigated Francis et al. (2017) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
62
32
illnesses, 9,10,20,24,25,2933,40,42,4450,52,54,57,58,61 including 5 (12%) Gajda (2020) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
24
that investigated both injuries and illnesses. 9,10,25,45,46 Twenty Harper et al. (2009) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
33
(48%) studies investigated male and female triathletes; 10,21,26,28, Jordan (2013) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
25
29,31,3944,47,49,50,5255,57 Martin (2017) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
however, the number of male triathletes 27
Mollica (1998) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
included in each cohort was substantially higher than the Pietrzak (2013) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
60
63
number of females. Two studies consisted of a para-triathlete Rodriguez (2021) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
30
cohort, 31,44 with equal numbers of males and females. Eight Scott (2003) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
61
22,27,30,3234,59,63
24,25,56,58,6062
(19%) and 7 (17%) of the Shapiro et al. (2006) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 34
Shyu & Boudier-Rev eret (2020) TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
included studies reported injury and illness outcomes exclusively
in male or female triathletes, respectively.TaggedAPTARAEnd
domains demonstrated a low risk of bias. The selection
domain (average score 2.19/4; 55%) and the comparability
TaggedAPTARAH23.3. Risk of bias and strength of evidenceTaggedAPTARAEnd
domain (1.04/2; 52%) both had a moderate risk of bias, and
TaggedAPTARAPRisk of bias and hierarchical level of evidence are summa-
the outcome domain had a high risk of bias (0.96/3; 32%). The
single case-control study reported a moderate level of selection
rized in Table 1 and Table 2.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPTwenty-six cohort studies and 1 case-control study were
bias (2.00/4; 50%), a high level of comparability bias (0.00/2;
included in the risk of bias assessment. No cohort studies’
0%), and a moderate level of outcome bias (2.00/3; 67%).
Only 11 studies 9,10,23,26,28,31,42,4446,54 reported on data
Table 1 collected by medical staff. Additionally, only 11
TaggedAPTARACaptionRisk of bias scores for the cohort studies and 1 case-control study using the studies 9,10,23,28,31,41,42,44,47,54,55 reported on the presence of the
NewcastleOttawa Scale (NOS) and Oxford Centre for Evidence Based outcome of interest at the start of the study. Only 5
Medicine (OCEBM) levels of evidence. TaggedAPTARAEnd 23,31,42,51,53
studies reported a follow-up period longer than 6
Study and OCEMB level Selection Comparability Outcome months, and most used a surveillance period that reflected
of evidence (n =4)TaggedAPTARAEnd (n =2)TaggedAPTARAEnd (n =3)TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARATbody
competition periods (214 days), which may have led to an
Level 3Cohort studiesTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd under-reporting bias due to the shorter surveillance periods 64
54
Aragon-Vargas et al. (2013) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd wherein conditions (e.g., overuse injuries or dormant illnesses)
39
Bertola et al. (2014) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 65
40 may not present immediately. TaggedAPTARAEnd
Brockman et al. (2010) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
41
Chapman et al. (2010) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
21
Cipriani et al. (1998) TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAH23.4. The incidence and prevalence of injury in short-course
42
Coates et al. (2017) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
triathletesTaggedAPTARAEnd
43
Collins et al. (1989) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
44 45
Derman et al. (2018) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAPInjury incidence rates were reported in only 1 study. This
9
Engebretsen et al. (2013) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd study reported an average injury incidence of 20.1 injuries per
23
Fett et al. (2017) TaggedAPTARAEnd 3TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 1000 h of competition over a surveillance period of 1 triathlon
66
Gosling et al. (2008) TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
46 season, with data collected for athletes with varying levels of
Gosling et al. (2008) TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
47 experience during 6 short-course triathlons. This study further
Medema et al. (1997) TaggedAPTARAEnd 3TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
26
Migliorini (1991) TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd reported injury incidence rates across 3 race distances from the
28
Newsham-West et al. (2014) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd events (Fun: 24.3 per 1000 h of competition; Sprint: 20.4 per
29
Pages et al. (2016) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 1000 h of competition; and Standard: 15.7 per 1000 h of
48
Parkkali et al. (2017) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 45
55 competition). Injury prevalence during competition phases
Reyes-Casas et al. (2020) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
56 (period prevalence) was reported in 17% of studies that
Ruddick et al. (2019) TaggedAPTARAEnd 3TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
10 9,10,45,46
Steffen et al. (2020) TaggedAPTARAEnd 4TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd reported on injuries and ranged between 2% and 15%
31
Stephenson et al. (2019) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd over time periods that varied from 2 months to 1 triathlon
49
Sullivan (1987) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd season (1 year). 9,10,45,46 Knee and lower limb injuries were the
50
Van Asperen et al. (1998) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 21,26,28,39,43,45,51,53,59
53 most frequently reported, followed
Vleck et al. (1998) TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 21,26,39,43,53
51 closely by ankle/foot (Table 3). Over half of the
Vleck et al. (2010) TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd
52
Worme et al. (1990) TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 1TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd included injury studies (n = 13; 57%) reported injuries that
occurred while training, 39%
Level 4Case-control studyTaggedAPTARAEnd TaggedAPTARAEnd 21,22,25,26,39,43,51,53,55,59,60,62,63
57
Plews et al. (2012) TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEnd 0TaggedAPTARAEnd 2TaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEndTaggedAPTARAEnd 26,39,45,46,51,53
during competition, and in 26% it was