Page 51 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

Injury and illness in short-course triathletes 173
1
health problems, which may directly or indirectly affect following keywords were used in each database: “triathlete”,
performance. 6,7 Further, understanding the main health pro- “injury”, “illness”, “psychological wellbeing”, and
blems affecting short-course triathletes and the pathways by “epidemiology” to identify the appropriate population for the
which they occur would provide valuable insight about the study and associated injuries or illnesses. Refer to Appendix 1 of
factors leading to injury and illness, along with potential online Supplementary materials for MEDLINE search strategy
details. Search limitations included original research articles
approaches to minimize risk and maximize performance.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPThe physiological and training demands of different published in the English language in peer-reviewed journals,
3
triathlon races vary greatly. The majority of triathlon-related without restriction on publication year. All potential references
research undertaken to date fails to clearly define the athlete were imported into Covidence systematic review software
groups included, specifically regarding distance specialty and (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia) and
baseline demographic information (sex, age, and ability duplicates were removed. Backward citation searching was
1
level). Additional high-quality studies exploring health pro- undertaken by SAG and MLC, where the reference lists of the
blems in short-course triathletes are required to improve included studies as well as other review articles were screened to
current health prevention measures for high-risk subgroups identify any additional studies for inclusion.TaggedAPTARAEnd
8
within the sport. Despite existing literature on the physiologi-
cal requirements of different triathlon race distances and how TaggedAPTARAH22.2. Selection criteriaTaggedAPTARAEnd
4,5
these affect performance, the relationship between training
TaggedAPTARAPStudies involving short-course triathletes (i.e., triathletes
demands and injury and illness incidence in short-course
8 competing in standard or shorter distances) of all sexes and
triathletes warrants further investigation. TaggedAPTARAEnd
across age and sport-experience levels that reported health
TaggedAPTARAPExisting injury and illness data specific to short-course
problems (defined as injury, illness, or psychological
triathlon is scarce, limiting the ability to profile the nature and complaint) were included in this review. Participants were
incidence of health problems in this population. 9,10 Reliable
mapped, according to their sports level, to The Foundations,
epidemiological health data are critical to understanding the 17
Talent, Elite, Mastery framework, which integrates phases of
etiology of injury and illness in short-course triathletes and
athlete development within active lifestyle, sport participation,
assist with the promotion of a multidisciplinary approach to
improving health and performance outcomes. 1113 The Trans- and sport excellence pathways.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPStudies conducted in non-triathlete populations or in triath-
lating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) letes training or competing for distances longer than short-course
14
framework has evolved from a previous framework proposed distances were excluded from this review, as were those that did
by van Mechelen et al., 15 and is a well-recognized injury-
not specify the triathlon distance. Studies were also excluded if
prevention framework in the current sporting landscape. This
there was no form of epidemiological data published, or if
framework outlines a staged progression for injury prevention
specific data were unable to be extracted from published articles,
approaches, designed to facilitate the development of sports or if the outcome of an intervention, such as surgery or drug
injury prevention strategies in real-world contexts. 14 This
trial, was being investigated. Articles that were published in
systematic review aims to evaluate the current literature on
languages other than English, or in non-peer reviewed journals,
short-course triathlon injury and illness epidemiology by
or that were systematic or narrative reviews, opinion pieces,
addressing Stages 1 and 2 of the TRIPP model to inform the
editorials, abstracts, conference proceedings, or non-scientific
development of effective preventative strategies to optimize
magazines were also excluded.TaggedAPTARAEnd
athlete health and performance. Therefore, the research ques-
tions are: What is the incidence and/or prevalence of injury
TaggedAPTARAH22.3. Study selectionTaggedAPTARAEnd
and illness within short-course triathletes; and what are the
proposed etiological and environmental factors that contribute TaggedAPTARAPTitles and abstracts of the articles from the initial search
were independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers
to injury or illness in short-course triathlete specialists?TaggedAPTARAEnd
(SAG and MLC) using Covidence systematic review software
(Veritas Health Innovation). Articles were screened according
TaggedAPTARAH12. MethodsTaggedAPTARAEnd
to the eligibility criteria and then placed into separate “yes”,
TaggedAPTARAH22.1. Literature searchTaggedAPTARAEnd
“no”, and “maybe” folders. Two reviewers (SAG and MLC)
TaggedAPTARAPThis systematic review was registered on the PROSPERO compared “yes” folders for agreement with attempts to resolve
International prospective register for systematic reviews any discrepancies. All articles in the “maybe” folder, or where
website (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) (registration consensus was not reached, were assessed by a third reviewer
number: CRD42018114627) and was conducted according to (PC), who resolved all remaining discrepancies. The full texts
the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and were obtained for all articles in the “yes” folder at the conclu-
16
Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. TaggedAPTARAEnd sion of the screening process. Full-text eligibility of published
TaggedAPTARAPA comprehensive, electronic search of the literature was studies was independently examined for final inclusion by 2
conducted without date restrictions in Cochrane Central reviewers (SAG and MLC) according to the eligibility criteria.
Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, APA Where insufficient data were reported to answer the research
PsychINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, and SPORT- question, the reviewers contacted the author group to seek clar-
Discus on July 21, 2021 using a search strategy developed by ification or request access to the raw data to allow for
3 authors (SAG, PC, and MD). Various combinations of the secondary calculations to be undertaken. If there was no