Page 34 - 《运动与健康科学》(英文)2024年第2期

TaggedAPTARAEnd156 P.R.P. Nunes et al.
females. Indeed, the energy cost of a single set of 815 repeti- TaggedAPTARAPOn the other hand, a strong point of this systematic review
tions of 8 RT exercises is »7080 kcal in young and older with meta-analysis is its approach to exploring the efficacy of
females. 88,89 This suggests, from a practical perspective and RT volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflamma-
based on the number of weekly sets, that the LVRT and tion markers in postmenopausal and older females through
HVRT energy expenditure values were about 420 kcal/week RCT studies. In addition, the sample characteristics and RT
protocols across LVRT and HVRT were homogeneous, and
and 720 kcal/week, respectively.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPIn addition, epidemiological studies have demonstrated the methodological processes used in the current review
associations between a higher level of energy expenditure demonstrated high agreement between all authors.TaggedAPTARAEnd
(kcal/week) from physical activity and reduced levels of meta-
bolic risk and inflammation. 97100 Interestingly, RT volume
TaggedAPTARAH24.5. Future perspectivesTaggedAPTARAEnd
has been shown to be positively associated with the activation
of signaling pathways that regulate aerobic capacity (e.g., TaggedAPTARAPPostmenopausal and older females submitted to RT using
mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose, and fatty acid oxidation), LVRT and HVRT may gain significant protection against the
myokine secretion (e.g., IL-6, follistatin), and anti-inflamma- harmful effects associated with excess body adiposity, meta-
tory and metabolic balance (e.g., insulin sensitivity, adipose bolic risk, and inflammation. More specifically, postmeno-
tissue browning, and optimizing of the status of metabolic pausal and older females may demonstrate superior effects
92,101103
diseases). Our results suggest that HVRT may be regarding metabolic risk and inflammation after HVRT as
associated with better responses to metabolic risk and compared to LVRT. However, some perspectives should be
inflammation, particularly in postmenopausal and older suggested for future studies. First, more care should be taken
with the randomization process (e.g., the allocation sequence
females.TaggedAPTARAEnd
should be concealed) and deviations from the intended inter-
vention (e.g., appropriate analysis to estimate the effect of
TaggedAPTARAH24.4. Limitations and strengthsTaggedAPTARAEnd
assignment), as these were some concerns in the risk of bias in
TaggedAPTARAPOur data demonstrated that both LVRT and HVRT (super- the RCTs. Second, larger RCTs involving the effects of RT on
vised RT with high adherence) improved body adiposity (total body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmeno-
and abdominal), metabolic risk, and inflammation in over- pausal and older females should compare volume directly
weight/obese postmenopausal and older females. However, against CG and prioritize the control of dietary intake and
HVRT seems to be necessary for greater improvements in levels of physical activity during the intervention to ensure
metabolic risk and inflammation. On the other hand, some that adaptive responses are not affected by confounding
issues must be considered when choosing HVRT as this variables. Third, more metabolic risk and inflammation
modality requires more physical effort and time commitment, markers should be analyzed since there were insufficient
which may decrease real-world adherence. The monotony data for meta-analysis of many outcomes.TaggedAPTARAEnd
(e.g., higher number of sets, exercises, and weekly frequency)
of HVRT may decrease motivation in some individuals. Thus,
TaggedAPTARAH15. ConclusionTaggedAPTARAEnd
HVRT may not be appropriate for all postmenopausal and
TaggedAPTARAPThis systematic review with meta-analysis of RCTs
older females.TaggedAPTARAEnd
TaggedAPTARAPWhile the literature appears to demonstrate that RT (HVRT, suggests that both LVRT and HVRT are effective strategies
in particular) is a promising strategy to improve body for improving body adiposity (total and abdominal), metabolic
adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal risk, and inflammation in overweight/obese postmenopausal
and older females, some limitations of this meta-analytic study and older females. Thus, RT may be included in the public
must be recognized. First, the overall risk of bias was charac- health guidelines as one of the first options for non-pharmaco-
terized as showing some concerns in most of these studies (a logical intervention against obesity, metabolic risk, and
single study presented an overall high risk of bias), and this inflammation impairments. However, HVRT appears to facili-
was likely due to a robust methodological approach. Second, tate greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation
caution should be taken with the general interpretation of the than LVRT. Therefore, our findings endorse the importance of
results because the included studies presented high heteroge- HVRT for overweight/obese postmenopausal and older
neity for some outcomes (metabolic and inflammatory profile), females to optimize improvements in metabolic risk and
which may limit the generalization of the results. However, inflammation in order to combat non-communicable diseases.TaggedAPTARAEnd
when the heterogeneity was removed from the analysis by
removing outlier studies, the effects of RT volume on analyzed
TaggedAPTARAH1AcknowledgmentsTaggedAPTARAEnd
outcomes were maintained regardless of the studies with high
heterogeneity. Third, all results demonstrated low certainty of TaggedAPTARAPThis study was supported by the Minas Gerais State Univer-
evidence for most outcomes due to unexplained heterogeneity, sity (UEMG/Brazil). PRPN received a Research Productivity
indirectness of evidence (only 3 studies directly compared Scholarship Program (UEMG-PQ08/2021). MAdSC received
LVRT with HVRT), and imprecision of results (small sample a doctorate scholarship from the National Council of Techno-
size and large CI). Thus, the results of this meta-analytic study logical and Scientific Development (CNPq/Brazil - Process
140473/20203). PCS received a doctorate scholarship from
should be interpreted with caution.TaggedAPTARAEnd